Seafood Test

Excessive drug residues are the most direct and important reason that affects the quality and safety of seafood and the export of seafood in China.

With the rapid development of China's industrial and agricultural production and the rapid increase in population, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the water environment closely related to seafood is also constantly deteriorating.

Judging from the current situation, the overall scale of China's seafood production and processing enterprises is small, the technical level is low, and the quality brand awareness is still relatively weak. Some production and processing enterprises have low quality management levels and uneven product quality. Some companies illegally add prohibited substances and additives during the seafood processing in order to make huge profits and even disregard the health and safety of consumers.

China has not yet established a complete seafood quality and safety standard system. There are defects such as repeated regulations and poor compatibility between some standards. There is a lack of systematic and systematic standard-setting plans. The focus of seafood supervision is still on the final product. This is a kind of The obvious post-management behavior is far from the internationally adopted “grabbing from the source” approach.

Fish medicine refers to medicines specially used in fisheries to ensure the healthy growth of aquatic animals and plants. Therefore, its scope of application is limited to aquaculture, and the substances used in capture fisheries and fish processing industries are not included in the scope of fish medicine.
Modern aquaculture fisheries are divided into two major parts: fish, shrimp, shellfish, turtles, turtles and other aquatic animals, and aquatic plant species such as laver, kelp and other aquatic species. Therefore, fish medicine is also divided into two parts: aquatic plant medicine and aquatic animal medicine, which can also be called aquatic medicine.

Fish medicines are usually classified according to pharmacological effects. However, fish medicine is basically classified according to the purpose of use due to insufficient pharmacological research.
1. Environmental modifiers Drugs used for the purpose of improving the environment of aquaculture waters, including base site modifiers, water quality modifiers and ecological condition modifiers.
2. Disinfectant is a drug used for the purpose of killing microorganisms (including protozoa) in water.
3. Antimicrobial drugs refer to drugs that kill or inhibit the reproduction and growth of microorganisms in the body through oral administration or injection.
4. Insecticidal and insect repellent drugs refer to drugs that kill or expel parasites in vitro or in vivo, and drugs that kill harmful invertebrates in water through a medicine bath or oral administration.
5. Metabolic improvement and strong medicine refers to medicines used for the purpose of improving the metabolism of the breeding object, enhancing the body's constitution, recovering from illness, and promoting growth.
6. Chinese herbal medicine refers to processed or unprocessed medicinal plants used for the purpose of preventing and treating aquatic animal and plant diseases or improving the health of breeding objects, also known as natural medicine.
7. Medicaments made by biological products through biochemistry or biotechnology usually have special functions.
8. Other drugs including antioxidants, anesthetics, antifungal agents, synergists, etc. used as auxiliary therapeutic effects.

Fish medicine is an important weapon for humans to fight against aquatic animal and plant diseases, insects, and pests, and is also an important means to improve the health of aquatic animal and plant bodies and promote growth and development. The purpose of applying fish medicine is to ensure and increase fishing output. As a fish medicine, it must have one of the following eight functions, namely: (1) to treat diseases; (2) to prevent diseases; (3) to eliminate and control the enemy; (4) to improve the breeding environment; (5) to improve the health of the organism; (6) Enhance the body's disease resistance; (7) promote growth; (8) disease diagnosis.

The use of drugs in seafood farming does not comply with the provisions of the drug holiday; illegal use of prohibited drugs; long-term, overdose, and repeated use of drugs: blind use of undiagnosed conditions; random changes in the target of administration, the route of administration, incorrect use of medication at the site, etc. It is the main cause of fish medicine residues.

Fish medicine residues are closely related to human health. In general, the drug residues of seafood are usually very low, and most of them will not cause acute toxic effects on the human body, and are often ignored. However, if you slowly consume seafood from low-dose drugs and accumulate in the body slowly, it will seriously endanger the health of the body.

If the amount of residues ingested at one time is too large, an acute intermediate literacy reaction will occur. Of course, the occurrence of acute poisoning events is relatively rare, but drug residues can cause a certain degree of damage to the human body through the long-term enrichment of the food chain.

Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, and certain glycoside antibiotics that are frequently used in seafood farming are varieties that are prone to allergic reactions. Mild cases may cause dermatitis, urticaria, fever, etc. In severe cases, it may cause shock and even life-threatening.

Repeated exposure of seafood to certain drugs, especially antibiotics, may induce the production of drug-resistant strains in the body, which can be transmitted to the human body after consumption to produce drug resistance; seafood with drug residues can also induce certain drug resistance in the human body. The emergence of strains is resistant, which will bring certain difficulties to clinical treatment of infectious diseases.

The large number of bacteria in the human stomach and intestines are normally a balanced system that adapts to each other. Seafood fish medicine residues may inhibit or kill certain sensitive flora, affect and disrupt balance, cause endogenous infections; cause diseases and damage human health.

That is carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. Drugs and chemicals in the environment can cause genetic mutations or chromosomal aberrations and cause potential harm to humans. For example, the growth-promoting agent olaquindox is commonly used in welding wire, and it has been confirmed that it has obvious accumulation toxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Long-term use will remain in the fish body and pose a potential threat to human health. Therefore, the safety of olaquindox for seafood needs further evaluation. Malachite green, a commonly used drug for the treatment of water mold in seafood, is a strong carcinogen.

Residues of seafood hormone drugs can disrupt the physiological function of normal people, and may lead to accelerated sexual maturity, gender alienation and other phenomena, affecting normal growth and development. Such as methyl testosterone and diethylstilbestrol used for sexual transformation in seedling stage; chorionic gonadotropin for aquatic animal reproduction and induction.

The implementation of effective monitoring measures in the breeding process is one of the main ways to ensure the quality and safety of farmed seafood, and it is also one of the important measures for the development of high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological and safe seafood farming.
1. Adhere to the principle of prevention first and treatment supplemented. If preventive measures are in place, seafood farming diseases can be controlled. Fish medicine is best used as an aid.
2. Choose national standard fish medicine to prevent and cure fish diseases.
3. Scientific use of fish medicine.
4. Strictly abide by the withdrawal period system.
5. Improve and perfect the operation rules and production standards of seafood farming, so that the seafood farming industry can be standardized and standardized.
6. Vigorously promote health and ecological breeding techniques and breeding models.