What is Cefdinir used to treat?

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• What is cefdinir?
  1. Definition
  2. Pharmacological effects
• Cefdinir Uses
• Cefdinir Side Effects
  1. Cefdinir Dosge
  2. Side effects
• Precautions
• Conclusion

What is cefdinir?

1. Definition

Cefdinir’s molecular formula is C14H13N5O5S2, and the chemical name is ([6R-[6α, 7β(Z)]]-7-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-(oximino)acetyl]Amino]-3-vinyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, in 0.1mol/L phosphate buffer[0.1 Slightly soluble in mol/L disodium hydrogen phosphate solution-0.1 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (2:1)], but insoluble in water, ethanol or ether.

Cefdinir belongs to the 3rd generation cephalosporin, which can prevent the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It has a good bactericidal effect on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially for golden yellow grapes and streptococci among gram-positive bacteria.

Cefdinir not only will not be degraded by lactamase produced by bacteria, but also has superior antibacterial activity against produced bacteria by lactamase. Clinically, it can be used to treat respiratory, urinary, ear and nose caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. Throat and skin and soft tissue infections.

What needs to be reminded is that patients who are allergic to penicillin should not use cephalosporin antibacterial drugs. If your skin is allergic to it, it can be replaced with special antibacterial drugs such as roxithromycin.

2. Pharmacological effects

It has a wide range of antibacterial spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, especially against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus among Gram-positive bacteria. It has stronger antibacterial activity than previous oral cephalosporins. The mode of action is bactericidal.

It is stable to beta lactamase produced by various bacteria and has excellent antibacterial activity against beta lactamase producing bacteria. The mechanism of action is that it will prevent the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It has strong affinity for penicillin binding protein (PBP) 1 (1a, 1bs), 2, 3, but has different active sites for different bacteria.

This product has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and negative aerobes and anaerobes. Compared with other existing oral cephalosporin antibiotics, the antibacterial activity of this product is strong against Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacteriu. A clinical trial of 1433 cases (100 mg each time, 3 times a day) showed that the effective rate of this product against various infections: superficial purulent disease 89.2%, surgical infection 90%, acute respiratory infection 82.8 %, chronic respiratory infections 63.1%, urinary tract infections 82.8%, gynecological infections 88.4%, ophthalmology infections 94.3%, and otolaryngology infections 75%. The bacteriological clearance rate of gram-positive bacteria was 91.9%, and the bacteriological clearance rate of gram-negative bacteria was 91.4%.

Cefdinir Uses

Although the abuse of antibiotics in China is serious, it also verifies the strong effect of antibiotics from another aspect. According to relevant data and information, the average consumption of antibiotics in China is 138 grams, which is ten times that of the United Kingdom, ranking first in the world. In addition, the utilization rate of antibiotics in hospitalized patients in China has reached 80%, and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and synergistic applications has reached 58%, far exceeding the international level of 30%.

Cefdinir is one of the cephalosporins, which mainly acts to kill bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Its antibacterial spectrum is relatively broad, including some gram-positive bacteria, as well as gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, cefdinir can be used clinically to treat infections at multiple sites caused by sensitive bacteria.

These infections occur in the upper respiratory tract and manifest as pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tonsillitis. It can also occur in the lower respiratory tract, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. It can also occur in the urinary system, such as cystitis, urethritis, and pyelonephritis. It can also occur in the reproductive system, such as accessory inflammation and prostatitis. It can also occur in the skin and soft tissues, manifested as folliculitis, skin boils, erysipelas, cellulitis, and so on.

The main value of Cefdinir Capsules can be reflected in many places. First of all, Cefdinir Capsules is common. It has a powerful effect on inhibiting various bacteria in clinical practice. It can treat many diseases at the same time with significant pharmacological effects. It has significant therapeutic value in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis, adnexal inflammation and uterine cavity infection, as well as mastitis and perianal redness, and prevention of post-operative wound infection and a variety of serious diseases, but a small number of people may experience intestinal indigestion, gastrointestinal discomfort, skin eczema, and lack of blood after taking it.

Cefdinir can treat the following infections caused by Proteus mirabilis, Providencia, Haemophilus influenzae and other strains Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella that are sensitive to cefdinir.:

1. Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, pneumonia;
2. Otitis media, sinusitis;
3. Pyelonephritis, cystitis, gonococcal urethritis;
4. Annexitis, intrauterine infection, bartholinitis;
5. Secondary infection of mastitis, abscess around the anus, trauma or surgical wound;
6. Folliculitis, furuncle, boils, carbuncle, infectious impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, lymphangitis, paronychia, subcutaneous abscess, acne infection, chronic pyoderma;
7. Blepharitis, sty, meibomitis.

Cefdinir Side Effects

1. Cefdinir Dosge

After dispersing with water, orally take or swallow it directly. The usual dose for adults is 100 mg once, three times a day. The usual dose for children is 9-18 mg/kg per day in three divided doses. The dosage can be increased or decreased appropriately in accordance with age and symptoms, or as directed by a doctor.

2. Side effects

• Dermatology: toxic epidermal necrolysis (<0.1%) may occur. Patients should be closely observed. If fever, headache, joint pain, erythema/blisters appear on the skin or mucous membranes, or skin feels tight/burning/pain, the medication should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be performed.
• Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions may occur, such as dyspnea, erythema, angioedema, and urticaria, with an incidence rate of <0.1%. Patients should be closely observed. If abnormalities occur, the drug should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be performed.
• Shock: Shock may occur, with an incidence rate of <0.1%. Patients should be closely observed. If symptoms such as discomfort, discomfort in the mouth, wheezing, dizziness, constipation, tinnitus or sweating occur, the drug should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be performed.
• Hematology: Pancytopenia (<0.1%), agranulocytosis (<0.1%, initial symptoms are fever, sore throat, headache, malaise), thrombocytopenia (<0.1%, initial symptoms are Ecchymosis, purpura) or hemolytic anemia (<0.1%, the initial symptoms are fever, hemoglobinuria, and anemia). Patients should be closely observed. If abnormalities occur, the drug should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be performed.
• Colitis: Severe colitis (<0.1%) may occur, such as pseudomembranous colitis confirmed by blood. Patients should be closely observed. If symptoms such as abdominal pain or frequent diarrhea occur, the drug should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be performed.
• Interstitial pneumonia or PIE syndrome: Interstitial pneumonia or PIE syndrome confirmed by fever, cough, dyspnea, abnormal chest X-ray or eosinophilia may occur (<0.1%). If such symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued immediately and adopt appropriate treatment, such as the use of adrenocorticoid drugs.
• Kidney disease: Severe kidney disease (<0.1%) may occur, such as acute renal failure. Patients should be closely observed. If abnormalities occur, the drug should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be performed.
• Fulminant hepatitis, abnormal liver function or jaundice: Severe hepatitis may occur (<0.1%), such as fulminant hepatitis with significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase, abnormal liver function (<0.1 %) or jaundice (<0.1%). Patients should be closely observed. If abnormalities occur, the drug should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be performed.

Precautions

According to practice, after determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to this product, the course of treatment of this product should be limited to the shortest period required to treat the patient to prevent the production of resistant bacteria.

It is recommended to avoid combination with iron preparations. If combined use cannot be avoided, iron preparations should be used 3 hours after taking this product.

Because of the possibility of shock and other allergic reactions, detailed allergy history should be asked.

The following patients should use it with caution:

1. Those who have a history of allergy to penicillin antibiotics;
2. People who are prone to bronchial asthma, skin rash, urticaria and other allergic symptoms in themselves or their relatives;
3. Patients with severe renal dysfunction: Since cefdinir has been in the serum of patients with severe renal dysfunction for a long time, the dose should be reduced and the interval between administrations should be extended according to the severity of the renal dysfunction. For patients undergoing hemodialysis, the recommended dose is 100 mg once a day;
4. Patients suffering from serious underlying diseases, unable to eat well or non-oral nutrition, the elderly, cachexia, etc. (Because vitamin K deficiency may occur, close clinical observation is required).
5. When combined with iron-added products (such as milk powder or enteral nutrition), red stools and red urine may appear.
6. Regarding medication during pregnancy, its safety has not yet been assured. For pregnant women or women who are suspected to be pregnant, the pros and cons of the medication should be weighed, and it can be used only when the pros outweigh the harm.
7. The pros and cons of medication should be weighed by breast-feeding women, and should be used only when the pros outweigh the cons.
8. The safety of medication for premature infants and newborns who are underweight has not been guaranteed.
9. Due to the decline in physical function, elderly patients may be prone to adverse reactions.
10. Due to vitamin K deficiency, elderly patients may have bleeding tendency.

In addition, the impact of overdose use of cefdinir has not been studied. In the study of acute, toxic, and erosive ulcers, a single oral dose of 5600 mg/kg did not produce side effects. Other beta lactam antibiotics can cause the following side effects when they are overdosed: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and convulsions. Serum dialysis can remove cefdinir from the human body. Hemodialysis is useful for patients with toxic reactions caused by overdose medication, especially for patients with renal insufficiency.

Conclusion

Cefdinir belongs to the 3rd generation cephalosporin. Whether for its antibacterial spectrum or antibacterial activity, it has greatly been improved compared with the previous two generations of cephalosporins. But it also has some special side effects, such as red stool and red urine, which need our attention.

BALLYA provides a betalactam cephalexin combo test kit to tell you if there are beta lactams residues and cephalosporin residues in dairy products you eat every day.

References

• PubChem: Cefdinir
• Wikem: Cefdinir