I. Basic Principles of Dairy Staff1. The milking of wet and dirty breasts should not be performed. Dirty breasts are breasts covered with water, feces or mud. A wet breast is the accumulation of water on the nipples after drying. Keep breasts clean and dry during milking. 2. Do not milk any cows with abnormal […]
Grouping is to concentrate cattle with the same physiological conditions and production performance in a herd, which has the advantage of tapping the productive potential of each cow. We can divide cattle into calves, replacement cow and adult lactating cows according to different physiological stages. The calf stage is 0 - 6 months old, and the replacement cow is […]
Aflatoxin M1 belongs to one of the similar compounds of aflatoxin and has the highest occurrence rate of aflatoxin in food and feed in hot and humid areas. The physical and chemical properties of it are quite stable and not destroyed by pasteurization. After mammals ingested feed or food contaminated by aflatoxin B1, they converted […]
What is heat stress in cows?Dairy cow heat stress refers to the summation of non-specific responses of dairy cows to high-temperature environments that are not conducive to physiological conditions. Its purpose is to mobilize the defensive function of the body to overcome the adverse effects of high-temperature stimuli and ensure the stability of the body […]
1. The cows enter the milking parlor slowly. In the dairy parlor, cattle driving is not operated according to the rules of the cow, and the operation is more casual, which results in the slow speed of the cow entering the parlor. Because the cattle driving operation is not standardized, the waiting time for cows […]
Pasture management includes three parts: tank cleaning, feeding passage cleaning and sports field cleaning. Importance of waterThe composition of milk not only affects the quality and price of milk but also is an important index to measure the health level of dairy cows. Milk ingredients are mainly composed of three parts: milk fat, non-fat solids, […]
The low conception rate of dairy cows during estrus has been a difficult problem in the dairy industry. According to statistics, the conception rate of dairy cows in estrus period in most dairy farms is less than 60%, which prolongs the spacing of the fetuses, affects the reproduction rate and milk yield of dairy cows, […]
1. Application of TMRAccording to the different milk yield of dairy cows, TMR is used to mix the additives such as roughage, concentrates, minerals and vitamins in the feed mixing and feeding truck and feed them directly for free feeding. Maize silage, alfalfa and Leymus Chinensis with good quality were used in the selection of […]
1. Advantages of Total Mixed Rations for Dairy CowsThe intake of dry matter can be increased by using a total mixed rations for dairy cows. The use of total mixed rationscan ensure that the nutrients in the diet are adequate and the proportion of concentrate to roughage is reasonable, which can make cows obtain all kinds […]
1. CarbohydratesCarbohydrates include non-fiber carbohydrates and fibers. Among them, non-fiber carbohydrates include starch, sugar, and pectin. The proportion of non-fiber carbohydrates in the diet of dairy cows should be 20%-45%. This range is determined by the proportion of concentrate to roughage in the diet. For diets with less roughage, non-fiber carbohydrates are required to be […]
The reproductive performance of dairy cows is directly related to the production level of dairy cows. Many factors are affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows in actual production, and there are very complex relationships among them, including breed, age, genetic factors, diseases, feeding management, environment, and nutrition. 1. Effect of Energy on Reproductive PerformanceEnergy […]
1. Genetic factorsVariety differences. Different breeds of dairy cows have great differences in milk yield and milk fat rate. Compared with local breeds, the milk yield of highly cultivated breeds is significantly higher. Besides, there is an inverse relationship between milk yield and milk fat rate, that is, milk yield of dairy cows is higher and […]