Responsibility is well implemented
Dairy farms (community) should formulate post responsibility systems for the head of the farm, veterinarian, feeder, milkman and breeder, and formulate technical operation rules for calf breeding, breeding management, lactating cow and dry cow management with the specialized person in charge.
Cowshed built
Before winter, the cowshed, delivery room, grassland storage room, storage room, and cow farm wall should be inspected in detail, and the problems should be repaired and strengthened in time to prevent future trouble. Open cowshed should be equipped with straw shirts and plastic cloth to create a relatively closed cowshed environment for cows in cold winter, to improve the temperature of the cowshed. In windy days or nights, hang up curtains and don't let cowshed intrude into the wind. After the heavy snow, people should be organized to clear the snow in the shed in time to prevent the snow from crushing the shed.
Autumn fat should be done well
Late autumn is the golden season for dairy cows to gain autumn fat. At this time, there are more forage and nutrients are also rich, and the appetite of dairy cows increases rapidly. Gaining cow fat in autumn can lay a good foundation for cows to spend winter. Dairy cows raised in cowshed should increase their feeding intake by feeding more nutritious and palatable green storage spike corn, peanut seedlings, sweet potato vines, grain husks, and juicy root feeds. If grazing conditions are available, grazing time can be appropriately prolonged to make the cows eat as much as possible, to increase the fatness of dairy cows.
Breeding should be done well
Many cows have oestrus in autumn and winter. To observe the oestrus of cows, farmers should observe it regularly at least three times a day. It is necessary to inseminate the estrus cows in time and strictly follow the operation rules of frozen sperm mating to prevent polluting during the estrus period. After mating, cows should be checked for conception in time, to makeup and do a good job of fetal protection and strengthen feeding management, at the same time, farmers should earnestly do a good job of mating records.
Good forage stock
Forage is the grain of dairy cows. Silage ponds or sites, plastic film, vehicles, and funds should be prepared in advance, enough green storage materials, crop straw and hay should be reserved. To keep dairy cows feeding in winter, farmers can store more tuber (stem) feed, such as carrots, cabbage, sweet potatoes, potatoes, potyvirus, pumpkins and so on. If farmers can store some fruit pomace, tofu pomace, powder pomace, beer pomace, peel and so on, it is better. When cows eat these supplements, their milk production will be greatly increased.
Feed Matching Well
In winter, cow farmers should adjust feed ratios in time to diversify according to the nutritional needs of dairy cows in different periods. Concentrate feeding generally increased by 10%-15% compared with other seasons. Rational mix is 20 kg to 25 kg of green storage feed per day, the best match with high-quality hay, not less than 4 kg per head per day; roots such as carrots, but should not be fed more, 3 kg to 5 kg per cow per day; rapeseed cake and cottonseed cake in the feed dosage is not more than 10%; auxiliary materials such as tofu residue, apple residue, powder residue, beer residue, etc. are about 10 kilograms per head per day and green fodder is about 1 kilogram per 2.5 kilograms of milk. Also, according to the fatness of dairy cows, determine whether to increase concentrate feeding.
The cows are in good order
First, farmers should eliminate those cows with old age, low milk production, serious disease, and long-term sterility to increase economic benefits; secondly, they should rationally classify calves, bred cows, lactation peak period, mid-late lactation, dry period, perinatal period and other cows. To minimize the production cost and maximizing revenue, scientific management should be carried out for cows in different physiological stages, such as dietary allocation, fatness assessment, weight measurement and so on. Keep abreast of the body condition of cows and adjust the feeding standard in time.
Good control of epidemic diseases
Scientific disease prevention is an important part of keeping a high yield of dairy cows in autumn and winter. Only by ensuring the health of dairy cows can we achieve high efficiency. Therefore, disinfection, vaccination, hoof repair in autumn and winter, insect repellent and other work should be done well, and all the work should be put in place to pay close attention to. Relevant personnel should regularly inspect cows, detect abnormal dairy cows and carry out timely inspection and treatment, to achieve prevention in the first place, early detection, diagnosis and treatment should be done. Then shorten the course of the disease and use less medication.
Cows are well cared for
Many cows enter the perinatal period in autumn and winter. The perinatal period is the key period of dairy production. Whether cows can become high-yielding cows and whether calves can grow and develop healthily are reflected in the management of this period. Therefore, feeders should adjust nutrition, register health, sterilize the delivery room before delivery, and strictly require the operation, so that the cows can ensure safe delivery during the perinatal period, especially in cold winter nights, and the calves can eat colostrum within an hour.