The reproductive performance of dairy cows is directly related to the production level of dairy cows. Many factors are affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows in actual production, and there are very complex relationships among them, including breed, age, genetic factors, diseases, feeding management, environment, and nutrition. 1. Effect of Energy on Reproductive PerformanceEnergy […]
1. Genetic factorsVariety differences. Different breeds of dairy cows have great differences in milk yield and milk fat rate. Compared with local breeds, the milk yield of highly cultivated breeds is significantly higher. Besides, there is an inverse relationship between milk yield and milk fat rate, that is, milk yield of dairy cows is higher and […]
1. Time and method of scoring dairy cow's body conditionTo grasp the suitable condition of dairy cows, the body condition of dairy cows should be graded in different periods, and effective methods should be adopted to timely adjust the unsuitable condition of dairy cows. The scoring time of dairy cow's body condition was carried out […]
1. Ensuring a comprehensive dietDairy cows in the last 20 days of lactation, to ensure that the loss caused by the previous lactation period can be fully compensated while reserving enough nutrients for the next lactation peak. At this stage, dairy cows should increase the feed of concentrate, absorb enough energy, avoid glycogen depletion during […]
1. Respiratory problemsGenerally, fever, asthma, cough, runny nose and other respiratory problems (cold) of calves, or more serious pulmonary problems (pneumonia), the main causes of the disease are the low temperature in the cowshed, weak calf physique, and numerous pathogens in the air. Fever abatement or heat clearance and detoxification (such as analgin, antondin, Herba […]
1. Prepare for milkingFirst, the milkman wears overalls. Before milking, he should wash his hands and cut his nails short to avoid damaging cows’ breasts and nipples. Prepare tools for milking, including milk buckets, towels, and buckets for breast scrubbing, filter gauze, etc. Clean up the mattress and the feces in the lying area 1/3 behind […]
1. Enhancing Carbohydrate Digestion75% to 80% of the dry matter and 50% of the crude fiber in the feed are digested in the rumen of dairy cows. There is a symbiotic relationship between rumen microorganisms and host, rumen bacteria and ciliates. It is this symbiotic relationship that determines the ability of rumen microorganisms to digest […]
1. Nutritional managementNutritional management of dairy cows plays an important role in reducing hoof and limb disease of dairy cows. Rumen acidosis is one of the main causes of laminitis. It should be noted that the content of non-structural carbohydrates should not exceed 45%, and the dietary fiber content should be adequate. According to experience, the […]
1. Trace Element AdditivesThere are 7 kinds of trace elements that cows often need to supplement, namely iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, and cobalt. The application and development of trace elements have gone through three stages, they are inorganic salt stage, simple organic compound stage, and amino acid integration stage. Trace element amino acid […]
1. Physical characteristics of high-yielding dairy cowsIn general, cows with milk yield of more than 7 500 kg, milk fat rate of 3.4%~3.5% and milk protein rate of 3%~3.2% during lactation are called high-yielding cows. The milk yield of individual dairy cows in lactation period is more than 8500 kg, and that of multiparous dairy […]
Ⅰ. Nursing during the Calf Period 1. Prevent calves from sucking each other's nipplesNewborn calves should be raised in a single shed. After feeding, we should wipe their mouths clean to prevent the calves from sucking each other. It is strictly prevented that calves suck each other's nipples. Sucking the nipples of calves can stimulate […]
The purpose of removing horns is to prevent cattle from hurting people or other cattle. For calves before 30 days of age, electric cautery can be used to remove horns; for calves aged from 1 to 3 months, caustic sodium (potassium) cauterization can be used; for larger calves, chisel or sawing can be used to […]