Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Test

Porcine circovirus (PCV) is one of the smallest animal viruses ever discovered.

PCV has a strong resistance to the outside world and will not be inactivated for a long time in an acidic environment at pH 3. The virus is not sensitive to chloroform and will not be inactivated after a period of treatment at 56 °C or 70 °C. Can survive in high temperature environment for a period of time. Does not agglutinate red blood cells of cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and other animals.

PCV is now known to have two serotypes, namely PCV1 and PCV2. PCV1 is a non-pathogenic virus. PCV2 is a pathogenic virus, and it is the main cause of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in weaned piglets.

Pigs have a strong susceptibility to PCV2. Infected pigs can excrete viruses from wastes such as nasal fluid and feces, and infect pigs of different ages through oral and respiratory routes. When pregnant sows are infected with PCV2, they can infect piglets vertically through the placenta. PCV2 DNA was contained in the seminal fluid of artificially infected PCV2 sero-negative boars, suggesting that semen may be another route of transmission.

Porcine circovirus type II (PCV2) is pathogenic, and it is the main cause of multisystem failure syndrome in weaned piglets. In addition, porcine dermatitis and nephrotic syndrome, proliferative necrotizing pneumonia, porcine respiratory disease syndrome, reproductive disorders, congenital tremor, enteritis and other diseases are also importantly related to PCV2 infection. PCV2 severely damages the immune system and can cause immunosuppression in pigs. The mortality of porcine circovirus disease ranges from 10% to 30%. The death rate of severe pig farms during the outbreak is as high as 40%, causing severe economic losses to the pig industry.

Clinical symptoms of PMWS:
The most common is pigs' progressive weight loss or growth retardation, which is also a clinical basis necessary for the diagnosis of PMWS. Other symptoms include anorexia, depression, slow movements, pale skin, fluffy coats, dyspnea, and cough. .

Dermatitis and nephritis syndrome:
Skin lesions and locations appear to vary from individual to individual; skin ulceration; lymphadenopathy; bow and waist.

Symptoms of congenital tremor:
The tremors range from mild to severe, and the number of infections in a litter varies greatly.

Common mixed infections:
PCV infection can cause immunosuppression in pigs, which makes the body more susceptible to other pathogens. This is also the reason why circoviruses are mixed with many diseases in pigs.

(1) Weaning piglet multisystem failure syndrome mainly occurs in pigs aged 5-16 weeks, and grows well before weaning.
(2) Piglets in the same litter or different litters have respiratory symptoms, diarrhea, stunted growth, and weight loss. Sometimes pale or jaundice occurs. Antibiotic treatment is ineffective or ineffective.
(3) Lymph node enlargement, splenomegaly, swollen lungs, widened interstitial tissue, and brown mutation areas of varying sizes were examined on postoperative examination. Other organs may also have lesions and injuries of varying degrees.

The diseases related to type II circovirus infection are as follows:
1. Weaned piglets with multiple system failure syndrome
2. Dermatitis nephritis syndrome
3. Congenital tremor
4. Common mixed infections

PCV particles are present in the nasal mucosa, bronchi, lungs, tonsils, kidneys, spleen and small intestine of sick pigs. The virus is found in lymphoid tissues of the thymus, spleen, mesentery, and bronchi. The detection rate is higher in lungs and lymph nodes. It shows that PCV seriously invades the pig's immune system: the virus is accompanied by macrophages / monocytes, histiocytes and thymic macrophages, leading to a decline in the condition of the affected pigs and the formation of immune suppression.

There is no effective treatment for this disease, coupled with the decline in pig performance and high mortality, which makes this disease particularly important. And because of the continued infection of PCV2, the disease is economically more devastating. The use of antibiotics and good management can help solve the problem of concurrent infections.

Reduce feeding density, implement strict all-in, all-out system and mixed herd system, reduce environmental stress factors, control concurrent infections, ensure stable herd immune status, strengthen internal and external biosecurity measures on pig farms, and ensure when purchasing pigs from clean farms are effective measures to prevent and control the disease and reduce economic losses. The patented disinfectant Virkon S can effectively kill circovirus when diluted 1: 250, so it can be applied to terminal disinfection between each batch of pigs.

Use of home vaccine
Once the disease occurs on the farm, the viscera of the affected pig can be processed into its own vaccine. According to clinical practice, the effect is good. However, there are two viewpoints at this stage: First, sows and weaned piglets are immunized at the same time. The advantage is that the immune effect is fast, and the disease can be controlled within 1 to 2 months. The disadvantage is that if the inactivation is not complete, the disease will persist for a long time. . The second is an immune-weaned piglet. The advantage is that the immune safety is good and it will not cause the disease to exist for a long time. The disadvantage is that the immune effect is slow and it takes about six months to control the disease.

Porcine Circovirus Disease (Weaned Piglet Multisystemic Failure Syndrome) is a newly discovered chronic, progressive and highly lethal infectious disease that seriously harms piglets' health in recent years. It is often related to the occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephritis syndrome, congenital tremor of newborn piglets, and reproductive disorders of proliferative necrotizing pneumonia. This poses a huge threat to the pig breeding industry.
The Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Test kit provided by BALLYA can effectively detect whether pigs have porcine circovirus disease. This kit is not only simple to operate, but also has a short test time and high accuracy. Allow the veterinarian to respond accordingly.

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