Canine distemper is a highly contact infectious disease caused by canine distemper virus, which is highly contagious and has a mortality rate of more than 80%.

Canine distemper virus infection mainly causes high fever, purulent snot, pus, eye drops, and even eye drops that can cause blindness, corneal damage, cough and even pneumonia. Later stages are mainly neurological symptoms, muscle twitches, and so on. These are more typical symptoms. Some dogs may not have particularly obvious symptoms, one or two symptoms, and some typical all symptoms may occur.

Blood changes in experimental CDV-infected dogs include: lymphocyte proliferation, thrombocytopenia, and aplastic anemia, but it is not common in clinical cases. Occlusions are occasionally found in acutely infected blood smears (sometimes lymphocytes and neutrophils). Buffy coat smears and examination of bone marrow extracts can also show intracellular inclusions. Detection of canine plague increased. In addition, canine distemper inclusions can be detected from conjunctival epithelial cells. Cerebrospinal fluid examination can show that increased intracranial pressure causes increased cerebrospinal fluid flow, increased protein concentration (25mg / dL. [250mg / L]), and decreased lymphocytes. These changes are characteristic of canine plague infections, but are not specific. Cerebrospinal fluid IgG can be used to diagnose CDV infection. Immune-inducing antibodies are rarely detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Although there are many other diagnostic methods for CDV, such as immunological methods, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure IgG and IgM antibodies in serum, and isolating viruses, they require special equipment and sample preparation. Post-mortem examination is the most effective way to diagnose CDV where it may be infected. Brain and cerebellum white matter examinations should also be taken seriously.

The disease "occurs all seasons" throughout the year, but occurs frequently in "spring and winter". The disease has a certain periodicity, with a pandemic "every three years".
Route of transmission
[Sick Dog] A sick dog that infects canine distemper.
[Secret / Excretion] For example: eye secretion, nasal fluid, saliva, pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, ascites, urine, feces, etc. Dogs that have been infected with canine plague virus have reported that the virus is still excreted in the urine after 60-90 days, so urine is a very dangerous source of infection.
[Blood] Cerebrospinal fluid, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, spinal cord and other organs contain numerous viruses, and can be detoxified to the outside with respiratory secretions and urine.
[Air] Air contaminated by sick dogs, such as droplets, through respiratory infections.
[Contact] Infected after contacting a sick dog.
[Diet] Infection through the respiratory or digestive tract due to diet.
[Hint] Once dogs of the same room are found, no matter how strict protective measures are taken, it is difficult to avoid mutual infection.

The incubation period of canine distemper varies greatly with the source of infection. The incubation period is 3-6 days. The incubation period from xenobiotics can sometimes be as long as 30 to 90 days.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and measles, and is a single-stranded RNA virus. At room temperature, the virus is relatively unstable, especially sensitive to ultraviolet rays, dryness, and high temperatures above 50-60 °C (122-140 °C).
Under freezing conditions, the virus can survive for weeks. Most routine disinfections can kill CDV.

The initial infection with CDV started when the virus attacked upper respiratory epithelial cells. The virus quickly spread to localized lymphoid tissues, tonsils, and bronchial lymph nodes. CDV then spreads to epithelial tissues and the central nervous system during the first week of infection. The humoral immune response after infection is related to the elimination of the virus. Dogs recovering from an acute CDV infection are likely to gain years of immunity. After a dog with no effective immunity is infected, the virus will spread to the skin, endocrine and exocrine glands, digestive tract, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract.

CDV is one of the oldest and most clinically significant viruses that infect dogs. CDV infection manifests a variety of symptoms, which are related to viral virulence, environmental conditions, the age of the host, and immune status. They can be divided into five characteristic types: superacute, acute, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological symptoms and skin symptoms. Once characteristic symptoms appear, the prognosis is extremely poor.

Early and medium-term treatment of canine distemper:
Dogs whose digestive tract has been affected by canine distemper virus often do not eat well. In this case, infusion support therapy is required, but a large amount of infusion will cause pulmonary edema, so it is not appropriate to infuse more. Generally, infusion can be performed at 20-50ml per kilogram of body weight. Conditionally, you can do blood gas analysis to calculate the amount of blood ions that need to be added:

There is no good cure for canine distemper in its later stages. Current treatments focus on controlling secondary infections of the respiratory tract and conjunctivitis.

First, canine vaccination can be prevented by vaccination. Vaccination can be started at 6 to 8 weeks of age, and then vaccinated twice consecutively every three weeks. After that, boosters can be given annually or every three years, depending on the risk of infection.
Second, when buying dogs, it is not recommended to buy from a crowded pet market. Dogs bred in this environment are very likely to contract canine plague.

CDV highly attenuated vaccines have been used on the market for many years. The vaccine has a good safety record. Most manufacturers recommend three to eight canine immunizations per week. After immunity is strengthened, immunity can last for 3 to 5 years. Dogs recovered from natural infections can be immune for years. Sometimes, dogs vaccinated with the Rockborn CDV strain have reportedly developed encephalitis after vaccination. Post-vaccination encephalitis usually occurs in newborn puppies who have immunized the bitch during pregnancy or before giving birth.

Dogs are lively animals. Even if they meet with their owners separately for a short time, they usually express their thoughts and attachments to their owners with strong physical language. Therefore, it is difficult for dog owners to find the early symptoms of canine distemper and miss the best time for canine distemper treatment.
The Canine Distemper Virus Test kit provided by BALLYA can effectively detect whether a dog has canine distemper. This kit is easy to operate, and the detection time is short and the accuracy is high. It allows the veterinarian to understand the pet's physical condition in time and make the corresponding treatment.

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