Melting point (ºC): 165 ~ 166.

Solubility: slightly soluble in cold water, ethanol, methanol, ether and acetone, easily soluble in boiling water, glycerin, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide solution, insoluble in chloroform, ether, benzene, petroleum ether.

Sulfonamides commonly used in clinical practice are derivatives with para-aminobenzenesulfonamide (sulfonamide for short) as the basic structure
The hydrogen on the sulfonamide group can be substituted by different heterocycles to form different kinds of sulfa drugs. Compared with the parent sulfa, they have the advantages of high potency, low toxicity, broad antibacterial spectrum, and easy absorption by oral administration. The free amino group in the para position is an antibacterially active part, and if substituted, the antibacterial effect is lost. The amino group must be released again after decomposition in the body in order to restore activity.

Bacteria cannot directly use folic acid in the environment in which they grow. Instead, they use p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), dihydropyridine, and glutamic acid in the environment to synthesize dihydrofolate under the catalysis of dihydrofolate synthase in the bacteria. Dihydrofolate forms tetrahydrofolate under the action of dihydrofolate reductase. As a coenzyme of one carbon unit transferase, tetrahydrofolate participates in the synthesis of nucleic acid precursors (purines, pyrimidines). Nucleic acid is an essential component of bacterial growth and reproduction. The chemical structure of sulfa drugs is similar to that of PABA, and it can compete with PABA for dihydrofolate synthase, which affects the synthesis of dihydrofolate, thereby inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Because sulfa drugs can only inhibit bacteria without bactericidal effect, the elimination of pathogenic bacteria in the body ultimately depends on the defense ability of the body.

1. For the determination of nitrite. Biochemical research. Organic Synthesis.
2. This product is an important intermediate for sulfa drugs. This product has a strong antibacterial effect on hemolytic streptococcus, meningitis, and cocci, but it is rarely used internally due to its poor curative effect and high toxicity. External use as a spray or ointment can prevent wound infection, but can cause allergic reactions, so It is also rarely used. It is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of other sulfa drugs. It is also used as a raw material for the synthesis of "Huangcao Ling" in foreign countries.
3. Used as an analytical reagent, such as a reagent for the photometric determination of nitrite and sodium nitrosoferricyanide. Used in biochemical research, organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry.
4. The main raw material for the synthesis of sulfa drugs, in addition to the preparation of crystalline sulfa drugs for external anti-inflammatory, other sulfa drugs such as sulfazone, sulfamethoxazine, sulfamethazine, etc.

Sulfanilamide powder is an antibiotic-sulfa
It has a bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effect. As it is excreted through the kidneys after absorption, it can cause crystals to form in the urine, which has a bad effect on the kidneys. It is not commonly used now.

The application range of sulfa drugs is relatively wide. After taking it, it can achieve the effect of inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria, and it can inhibit Escherichia coli caused by meningococcus. However, if you have mild symptoms of poisoning during the medication, you must ensure that the urine is fully discharged to prevent the toxins from accumulating in the body.
Taking a large amount of sulfa can cause side effects such as loss of desire, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. It can affect the liver and kidneys, and can cause tinnitus, dizziness, headache, and even various mental symptoms until death. Operators should wear protective gear.

Main symptoms and lesions: loss of appetite or disappearance, depression, anemia, jaundice, prolonged blood clotting time. Laying hens' egg production dropped significantly, and the shells became soft, thin, and rough, and even lay eggs. Post-mortem examination showed bleeding from the crown, eyelids, face, flesh, chest, and legs, spotted and spotted bleeding in the intestinal mucosa, enlarged liver and spleen, bleeding, and yellowing.

Prevention and treatment: ① Stop poisoning immediately after discovering poisoning, and provide sufficient drinking water; ② Low dose continuous medication can reduce toxicity, 0.05% in feed and 0.025% in drinking water have no effect on chickens.

In 1937, Harold Wotkins, the chief pharmacist of a company in the United States, used diethylene glycol instead of alcohol as a solvent to make it easy to take for children. Animal experiments were all put on the market after the launch of Massengill Pharmaceuticals in Tennessee, USA, for the treatment of infectious diseases. US law at the time allowed new drugs to enter the market without clinical trials. Between September and October of this year, some places in the southern United States began to see a large increase in patients with renal failure. A total of 358 patients were found and 107 died (most of them children), becoming the most influential medicine in the last century. Harm event. The "Sulfa liniment Incident" in 1937 prompted the US Congress to pass the Food, Drugs, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA, 1938), which had a significant impact on Western medicine.

After a long period of high selection, some highly toxic sulfa drugs have gradually been eliminated. Although many bacteria have developed resistance to sulfa drugs, sulfa drugs are cheap, easy to use, and do not produce intestinal tracts often caused by broad-spectrum antibiotics The flora is imbalanced, so sulfa-sensitive bacteria are still mainly treated with sulfa drugs, and their titers are comparable to or higher than antibiotics.
The Sulfanilamide Rapid Test (10PPB/urine) kit provided by BALLYA can effectively detect sulfanilamide residues in agricultural products. This kit is not only simple to operate, but also has a short test time and high accuracy, and the test results comply with EU standards. Can effectively ensure the safety of agricultural products.

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