1. Te Whakatikatika i te Tātai Whangainga me te Waa Whangai
I te raumati, hei whakaiti te taumaha o te wera, Ka taea te whakatika tika i te hanga whangai.
Tuatahi, ko te waahanga o roughage me whakahaere te aro ki te 1: 1 hei whakaiti i te waahanga o te kai nui-muka e whakaputa ana i te wera i roto i te nakunatanga me te pungao, ana ko te waahanga o te aro nui kia 10%. Ko te waikawa momona te konupūmā me te miro ka taea te taapiri kia tika ai te whakarite kia kaua e iti iho i te 5% nga momona. Mena ka tukuna te whangai kukume ki te wai ka whangai i muri i te whakareri ki te porridge, ka pai ake te painga. Ko te taapiri o te Sodium bicarbonate o te 150g ia ra ka taea te whakaiti i te awangawanga.
Tuarua, i te raumati, i te wa e wera ana te rangi, ka nui te werawera o te tinana o te kararehe, me titiro ki te taapiringa o te pāhare pāporo, te konupora, te konutai, ūkuikui, me te konupūmā.
Thirdly, the feeding time in the morning was advanced to 7 o’clock when the temperature was low, and the afternoon was postponed to 6 o’clock sunset. In addition to adjusting the feeding time, it can also increase the feeding times, such as four times a day, or one more te whangai i te po. I roto i tetahi kupu, me whakarite kia taea e nga kau miraka kau te whangai i nga mahana o raro i nga ra katoa, me te karo i te kai mahana-nui.
Tuawha, me aro ano hoki ki te whakahaere kai hei aarai i te koriri o te kai me te tarutaru kai. Me whakatakoto ki tetahi waahi haumanu me te hauhautanga, ma tetahi tangata motuhake te kaitirotiro e tirotiro, ia ra e titiro mena he pirau. Te maimoatanga tika i nga raru whangai, kia kore ai e ngoikore te mahi a te tinana na te kai kai pokepoke na te pohehe, tae atu ranei ki te mate o te mate.
2. Te Whakahaumaru o te Raumati Raumati me te Whakamao i te Kau
Ma te kau kau e awangawanga e kore anake ki te tiaki i te wera o te takurua engari ki te rererangi o te raumati me te whakamaoatanga hoki. I te wa o te raumati wera, ko nga kau e whakaarahia ana he pai te hau me te waatea i te kau, te wharau whakamarumaru, te atarangi ranei ka iti ake i te 20% te wera wera o te ra. Ka taea e nga kaainga hokohoko a te whanau te hanga wharau ngawari kia rite ki nga ahuatanga o te rohe, ki te taatai otaota ranei i runga i te tuanui kia pai ai te raumati. Mena he mea whangai nga kau, me herea ki raro o te taumarumaru o nga rakau, kaua hoki e roa te wa e tuuhia ai nga kau ki te ra.
Ko nga tikanga noa hei whakakaha i te haangai he whakauru i nga kaiwhaiwhai ki te kau, hei whakakaha i te haangai miihini me te tere o te rererangi, ka nui ake te wera mai i te tinana kau ka awhina ki te whakaiti i te awangawanga o te wera. Me aro ki te teitei whakauru o te mea powhiriwhiri kia tata ki te 2m mai i muri o nga kau, tae atu ki te pari o nga nekehanga 20-30 me te whenua. Ko te tere o te hau ka whakahaerehia mai i 120 ki 180 m / min.
Ko te whakakaha i te whakatipu otaota i nga paamu me nga waahi e karapoti ana hei awhina ki te horoi i te hau me te whakaiti i te mahana o te taiao. Mena ka whakaaehia nga tikanga, ka teitei rawa te mahana i te poutumarotanga, ka taea te whakamahi i nga miihini taapiri teitei ki te tauhiuhi i te wai matao i roto i te kau, ka taea ranei te whakauru i nga taputapu rehu i hokona i te maakete ki te paamu miraka me te tomokanga o te whakaheke kau. . Ko te waahi tauhiuhi pai rawa atu ko te papa o te ciment i te aukati i te pahekeheke o te repo me te hinganga. Ka nui ake te mahana ki runga ake i te 30 ℃, rehu 1 wa i nga ra 4, ana kia 30 ~ 45 meneti te rehu katoa. I muri i te rehu, ka whakaitihia te pāmahana o roto e 5 ~ 10 ℃. Me kawe nga kau miraka i te ata, i te ahiahi ranei, kia pai ai te inu wai me te whangai i mua i te kawenga. Me pai te kawe i te kaikawe, kaua e roa te tawhiti. Ko nga kau hapu kaore e pai mo te kawe tawhiti.
3. Te Whakahaere Hauora me te aukati i nga Mate me te Whakahaere
I te raumati, ka piki te mahana, ka ngawari te tipu o te huakita. Ko te pirau me te kino o te whangai me te paru he painga ki te whakaputa uri o te kitakita. Ko te raumati hoki te wa o te pakarutanga mai o nga mate viral. No reira, kia pai taatau mahi ki te aukati mate me te aukati i nga ahuatanga o te whangai me te whakahaere. Ma te whakahaere noa i te wa whanau i te raumati ka taea e taatau te whakaiti i nga mate aukati me te ahotea o te wera i te wa e hapu ana. Ko te noho ma te kau, me te papa takaro me te akuaku tetahi o nga tino kaupapa whakahaere.
Mahia te whakakoretanga i nga wa katoa, te tango wawe i nga paru, horoi i nga taake whangai me nga totohu, nga taika rokiroki, me nga waikeri waikeri. Te whakakapinga auau me te hurihuri o nga disinfectants kau ki te aukati i nga waeroa me nga namu. He pai ke ki te rehu i te paura kotakota ki te tomokanga o te kau, e kore e mate noa iho engari ka mate hoki i te mate. Me aro nui ki te whakaheke i te pa mai o nga mate o te u, ina koa te mastitis whakapau. I mua i te kohi miraka, horoia nga u ki te tauera mahana me te whakahoromata (0.0l% otinga pāhare pāporo). I te wa ano, tirohia maataki mena kei te pupuhi nga u me nga pupuhi papilla, te pakaru, me era atu, me te atawhai i te wa tika. Tapahia nga poa o te waa, tangohia atu nga iwi ke mai i nga kohatu i runga i te papa takaro ka whakaheke i te takahanga o te waewae.
4. Te whakatipu uri me te Whakahaere i nga Kapi i te Raumati
Whai muri i te whanautanga o nga kuao kau, kua pangia e 20% waipiro iodini i te 10 cm te tawhiti atu i te taura umbilical, e herea ana ka tapahia. Me aro atu ki te whakakore i te waahanga me te waipiro iodine. Whai muri i te horoi, me kawe ki te whare kuao kau. I mua i te whakahekenga, kia pangia e te waipiro iodine kia rua, kia rua ranei i te ra. Mena kaore i te tino mate te mate uruhi ranei, ka mate pea te pukupuku umbilical. Ko te tikanga rongoa ko te whakamahi i te 1.6 miriona IU Penicillium me te 0.5% o te procaine 20 ml ki te kati i nga pou-umbilical cord foramen. Tuatoru, whakamahia te 5% o te iodine tincture ki te patu i te papaahuatanga o te wheua ka tango i te gangrene me te ngaro ranei. Hei whakamutunga, mena he kino te mate, whakamahia paturopi ki te hamani i te reira.
Ko te pāmahana o te riu kuao kau kaua e teitei rawa atu. He pai ake te waiho kia 25 ℃ pea. Mo nga mahinga ahuwhenua nui, ka taea te whakamahi i te tikanga kaiawhina horihori kia tukua e nga kuao kau te kai i te colostrum i te 38 ℃ i roto i te 12h i muri mai o te whanautanga. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te raarangi horihori: hinu cod cod 20 ml, miraka hou 500 ml, tote 10 g, hua manu 3-4, whangai i muri i te whakawera, 3 nga wa i te ra. E toru nga ra i muri mai, ka piki te whakamahinga ki te 900 ml. Me huri i nga wa katoa te tarutaru o te wharau kuao kau kia maroke, kia kore ai he hukihuki, he hauhae ranei nga tahae e uru ana ki te whare kuao kau.
Tikanga whangai i nga kuao miraka
1. Te whangai i te colostrum i te wa e taea ai
Me whangai nga kuao kau me o raatau colostrum tuatahi 30 ki te 60 meneti i muri mai o te whanautanga. Ko te kopu o nga kuao kau hou ka waatea, kaore hoki he puku i te pakitara o te kopu. Ko te aukati ki te huakita he tino ngoikore, He iti Tuhinga o mua. Ko te colostrum o nga kau kotahi haora i muri i te whanautanga he nui te immunoglobulin. Ko te Colostrum te whakakapi i te huu puku me te piri ki te pakitara gastrointestinal kia aukati i te uru o te kitakita ki te toto. E ai ki nga rangahau he nui nga matūkai o te colostrum, ko nga mea maroke me nga mea o te kohuke e rua neke atu i te miraka noa, ko tona putunga he 4-5 wa te teitei atu i te miraka noa, me ona Huaora A, carotene, lysosome me te antibody he tino teitei ano hoki. He parenga, he whakararu, he huakita whakamate i te kopu me te kopu o nga kuao kau.
Although colostrum has many advantages, it also has some limitations. Generally, the first day of colostrum feeding is 1/6 of the calf’s birth weight. After that, it can be increased by 0.1 kg to the third or fifth day. Then it can be replaced by some artificial milk or milk substitutes. The colostrum should not be overfed to prevent diarrhea. Normally, calves can be fed normal milk or mixed colostrum and normal milk 5 days after birth. If they are still fed colostrum, they should be diluted by 2:1 and water. The ratio of normal milk to colostrum is 1:2 when they are fed mixed milk.
Quantitative, constant temperature, fixed time and the fixed person should be done when feeding. The daily feed is about 10% of calf weight. With the increase of age, increase the daily milk volume by 0.1 kg (20-30 days), to weaning day about 5 kg, 3-4 times a day feeding, each feeding interval should be equal, to “feed on time, do not feed at other time”, if the milk is not enough, you can add boiled water, cows must not eat too full. In summer, milk can be fed immediately without heating. In the cold season, milk barrels should be heated in a boiling water pot. Do not heat directly on the stove. The milk temperature should be 38-40 ℃. Based on constant temperature and quantity, we should pay attention to the quality of milk. Firstly, we should avoid adding antibiotics to cow feed to prevent diseases or feeding forbidden feed additives and animal feed. Secondly, we should pay attention to hygiene during milking, and control the listing and feeding of milk from cows infected with mastitis and mate mate.
2. Te whangai i te miraka horihori me te ngawari
Hei whakaora i te miraka hou, kua whakamahia whanui te miraka horihori hei whangai i nga kuao kau i tawahi. Tata ki te 10 nga ra, miraka horihori whakamahia hei utu mo te miraka. Te tikanga, kei roto i te miraka horihori te miraka hiwa, te ngako kararehe, lactose, me etahi atu o nga kohuke me nga huaora. Ko te miraka horihori kua oti te tauhokohoko me te tauine ki tawahi. Ka whakaputahia e ratau nga miraka kau mo nga kuao kau i nga waahanga rerekee o te mahi, a ko te nui o te wai e taapirihia ana me whakarite kia rite ki nga tohutohu.
Ko te pūmua kei roto i te miraka horihori e horaina ana e te puehu miraka paura, he mea utu nui, na reira ka taea te whakakapi i te pungarehu soybean, engari he iti te mimiti o nga kuao kau ki te puurakau huawhenua. Ko nga rauemi mataa katoa o te kai-whakakapi miraka me tino pai te kounga, ko nga kaakahu miraka iti iho kaore e tika kia mate mate kau, engari ka aukati i te whangai i nga kuao kau, ka hua te tipu o te tipu me te tino mate o te korere me te mate o nga kuao kau. Ko te paemahana miraka tetahi waahanga me aro atu ki te whangai i te miraka horihori, he tiketike rawa, he iti rawa ranei, kaore i te pai ki te nakunaku me te whakamahinga o nga kuao kau, he makariri rawa te ngawari o te mate korere, he ngawari rawa hoki te tahu i nga kuao kau, ka hua i roto i te kore whakaae ki te kai.
Training calves to eat grass as soon as possible can promote the development of the rumen. The activity of calves’ rumen strengthens with the increase of grass or hay. Generally, calves can be trained to eat high-quality hay in the second week after birth. Sprinkle a small amount of high-quality hay in front of the fence. Calves will try to eat a little, and gradually it will meet the needs of physical development to increase their intake. Some calves are fed with high-quality hay powder mixed with milk or milk substitutes, but too fine hay powder is not conducive to the development and digestion of the rumen.
The amount of starter is usually one on the first day, and then gradually increases. Calf starter should not be ground too fine, otherwise, it is not conducive to the healthy development of calf rumen, and even damage the digestive tract of the calf. The starter should be ground roughly, preferably with hay to make a high-quality mixture, hay can provide a “grinding” effect. The purpose of the starter is to make calves adapt to the transition from feeding mainly to completely feeding on concentrate and forage, so it is related to the success or failure of early weaning of calves.