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Dab tsi yog-ampicillin

Yam kab mob dab tsi uas ampicillin tua?

Muab lo rau  Lub peb hlis ntuj 4, 2021, Kho los ntawm Jason, Qeb  

Ampicillin yog dab tsi?

1. Lus txhais

Ampicillin yog ib tug beta lawm tshuaj tua kab mob uas tuaj yeem kho ntau yam kab mob sib kis. Cov cim qhia muaj xws li kab mob ua pa, kab mob tso zis, mob meningitis, kis kab mob salmonella, thiab endocarditis. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv pawg B streptococcal kev kis tus menyuam hauv plab, thiab nws tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm qhov ncauj, txhaj tshuaj thiab txhaj tshuaj. Ampicillin tau tshawb pom thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1961, thiab nws tau teev nyob hauv World Health Organization's tus txheej txheem teev cov tshuaj tseem ceeb thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem.

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 27, 2017, cov npe kab mob qog noj ntshav tau luam tawm los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Mob Nkeeg ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (World Health Organization) tau pib sau ua ke los siv. Ampicillin tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm peb hom carcinogens.

2. Cov teebmeem tshuaj

Ampicillin yog ib qho hluavtaws hluavtaws dav-spectrum tshuaj penicillin. Ampicillin cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yog tias nws yuav tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob cell cell, yog li nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txwv nws txoj kev loj hlob, tab sis kuj ncaj qha tua cov kab mob. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov kab mob gram-positive zoo ib yam li penicillin. Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm Streptococcus viridans thiab Enterococcus, tab sis tsis zoo rau lwm cov kab mob.

Nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ntawm cov kab mob gram-negative, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, meningococcus, mob khaub thuas bacillus, bacillus pertussis, Escherichia coli, typhoid thiab paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, Proteus mirabilis, Brucella, thiab lwm yam yog nkag siab rau cov khoom no, tab sis yooj yim rau kev txhim kho. Pneumoniae, indole-positive Proteus, thiab Pseudomonas aeruginosa tsis nkag siab cov khoom no.

3. Ampicillin vs Amoxicillin

Ampicillin thiab amoxicillin yog tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis lawv kev faib tawm yog txawv. Ampicillin tuaj yeem kho ntau yam kab mob sib kis. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kab mob ua pa thiab cov kab mob tso zis. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los kho qee qhov tshwm sim los ntawm endocarditis thiab salmonella. Amoxicillin feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab nws lub peev xwm nkag mus rau phab ntsa ntawm tes yog qhov muaj zog heev, yog li kev npaj tau siv dav hauv tam sim no, suav nrog cov tshuaj tsiav tshuaj thiab ntsiav tshuaj, ntxiv rau cov granules.

Qhov txawv ntawm amoxicillin thiab tshuaj ampicillin yog tias cov molecule ntawm amoxicillin muaj ib pawg hydroxyl ntau dua li ampicillin. Nws yog qhov sib txawv no uas txo qis lipophilicity ntawm amoxicillin, thiab yog li qhov ncauj bioavailability ntawm amoxicillin tau txhim kho zoo heev piv rau ampicillin.

Yog li, thaum tib lub koob tshuaj amoxicillin thiab ampicilina tau muab rau tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib, qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm amoxicillin ntau dua li ntawm ampicillin. Piv txwv li, muab tib koob tshuaj amoxicillin thiab ampicilina hais lus rau cov dev, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ampicilina yog kwv yees li 30%, thaum lub sijhawm siv tau ntawm amoxicillin yog 65%.

Amoxicillin yog tshuaj tua kab mob penicillin, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tiv thaiv Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Staphylococcus non-penicillinase, Enterococcus faecalis thiab lwm yam aerobic gram-positive cocci, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella Bacteria -cov kab mob tsis zoo uas tsis tsim beta lactamase thiab Helicobacter pylori. Amoxicillin ua cov kab mob tua kab mob los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev, tso cov kab mob kom sai sai rau hauv cov leeg thiab tawg thiab tawg.

Ampicillin tsiav tshuaj yog qhov ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub thiab tau nqus tau zoo ntawm qhov ncauj. Ampicillin feem ntau yog siv rau cov kab mob tso zis, ua pa rau lub cev, ua rau lub plab zom mov, mob plab hnyuv thiab meningitis, endocarditis tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab; nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob ua npaws thiab ua npaws paratyphoid; nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev tso zis thiab kab mob ua pa.

Cov lus qhia ntawm ampicilina thiab amoxicillin zoo ib yam, thiab kev kho mob rau ntau yam kab mob kuj zoo, tab sis muaj qee qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Cov neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv qhov nyuaj, thaum koj xav tau noj cov tshuaj no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pab koj xaiv cov tshuaj uas tsim nyog raws li koj tus mob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kho tau tuaj yeem ua tiav tsuav yog siv cov tshuaj raug.

Ampicillin siv

Ampicillin-siv
Ampicillin-siv

1. indications

Cov khoom no feem ntau yog siv rau cov kab mob tso zis, ua pa kab mob, kab mob hauv lub cev, kab mob hauv plab, mob qog noj ntshav, mob endocarditis, thiab lwm yam.

2. Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob

Ampicilina tsis ua haujlwm zoo dua li penicillin tiv thaiv kab mob Gram-positive feem ntau. Tab sis nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau feem ntau cov kab mob tsis zoo, xws li Escherichia coli, Proteus, Salmonella, Haemophilus, Brucella thiab Pasteurella, zoo ib yam lossis muaj zog dua chloramphenicol thiab tshuaj tetracycline. Tab sis cov tshuaj lom muaj tsawg dua li ntawm chloramphenicol thiab tetracycline, thiab nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tiv taus Staphylococcus aureus thiab Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Ampicillin tau siv dav hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu lub ntsws thiab cov kab mob tso zis los ntawm cov kab mob nkag tau yooj yim, thiab qee yam tshuaj lom neeg kis los ntawm kab mob gram-negative bacilli, xws li tib neeg meningitis, endocarditis, thiab lwm yam; menyuam yaus, mob ntsws ntsws mob ntsws, thiab kab mob Pasteurella bovis, mob ntsws, mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob porcine kis mob pleuropneumonia, ruborum, avian typhoid, thiab lwm yam.

Ampicillin muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm β-lactamase tsim los ntawm cov kab mob thiab decomposes sai sai, yog li txo nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Hauv kev kho mob, nws feem ntau siv ua ke nrog hluavtaws beta lactamase inhibitor-sulbactam txhawm rau ua kom nws cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw, uas txhim kho nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab nthuav dav nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Ib qho ntxiv, kev sib xyaw ntawm ampicillin thiab aminoglycosides tshuaj tua kab mob kuj tseem muaj cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo.

3. Kev siv tshuaj Ampicillin

A. Txhaj Tshuaj Txhaj Tshuaj

  • Rau cov neeg laus, 800,000 txog 2 lab units hauv ib hnub, faib ua 3 txog 4 koob.
  • Rau menyuam yaus, 25,000 units/kg, muab tshuaj ib zaug txhua 12 teev.
  • Cov menyuam yug tshiab (yug lub sijhawm puv sijhawm): txhua lub sijhawm raws li qhov hnyav ntawm 50,000 units/kg, ib zaug txhua 12 teev nyob rau thawj lub asthiv ntawm kev yug menyuam, ib zaug txhua 8 teev rau ib lub limtiam, thiab txhua txhua 6 teev rau kis mob hnyav.

B. Kev txhaj tshuaj leeg (Haum rau kis mob hnyav)

  • Rau cov neeg laus, 2 txog 20 lab units hauv ib hnub, faib ua 2 txog 4 qhov tso dej tawm. Tus nqi ntawm kev tswj hwm tsis tuaj yeem tshaj 500,000 chav nyob ib feeb.
  • Rau menyuam yaus, 50,000 txog 200,000 units/kg ib hnub, faib ua 2 mus rau 4 qhov tso dej tawm.
  • Rau cov menyuam yug tshiab (lub sijhawm yug): tib yam li kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular.

Ampicillin Sulbactam Cov

1. Sulbactam yog dab tsi?

Sulbactam yog qhov sib tw tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv beta lactamase inhibitor, uas txwv tsis pub tuav lactamase tsim los ntawm Gram-positive thiab cov kab mob tsis zoo (tshwj tsis yog Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Daim ntawv thov ib leeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kis tus kab mob ntawm Neisseria gonorrhoeae thiab meningococcus; kev kho mob ua ke ntawm sulbactam thiab ampicillin, cefoperazone, piperacillin, mezlocillin thiab lwm yam kab mob ua rau ua pa nyuaj, ua rau lub cev tso zis, tso zis tso zis, cev xeeb tub thiab poj niam cev xeeb tub, thiab kab noj hniav sab hauv, tawv nqaij thiab nqaij mos, qhov muag, pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, thiab caj pas, pob txha thiab sib koom kab mob, nrog rau sepsis, meningitis, thiab lwm yam.

Tam sim no, sulbactam cov khoom lag luam tsim tawm hauv Suav teb feem ntau yog ampicillin/sulbactam sodium ua ke npaj (tsis yooj yim) rau txhaj tshuaj lossis txhaj tshuaj.

Sulbactam muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog me ntsis dua clavulanic kua qaub. Thaum siv ib leeg, nws tsuas tuaj yeem tua Neisseria gonorrhoeae thiab Acinetobacter. Nws muaj qhov muaj zog cuam tshuam rau feem ntau beta lactamases tsim los ntawm cov kab mob gram-positive thiab cov kab mob gram-negative, tab sis nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hlau beta lactamase. Kev sib xyaw ntawm sulbactam thiab tshuaj penicillin or cephalosporin cov tshuaj feem ntau muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws, uas zoo heev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob ntawm thawj ob thiab nthuav dav cov kab mob tua kab mob.

Thaum siv ib leeg, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob gonococcal thiab meningococcal; sulbactam ua ke nrog tshuaj ampicillin los yog cefoperazone tuaj yeem kho kab mob ua pa, tso zis tso zis, cev xeeb tub thiab poj niam txiv neej, kab noj hniav hauv plab, tawv nqaij thiab nqaij mos, qhov muag, pob ntseg, qhov ntswg thiab caj pas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob cuam tshuam Lub hauv paus thiab pob txha thiab sib kis kab mob, sepsis, meningitis, thiab lwm yam.

2. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm ampicillin sulbactam

Ampicillin sulbactam yog qhov tsim nyog rau beta lactamase-tsim Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus, qee yam Escherichia coli, Klebsiella thiab Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides fragilis, Acinetobacter, cov kab mob hauv lub cev, cov kab mob hauv lub cev, thiab lwm yam. kab mob. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau kev sib kis ntawm cov kab mob aerobes thiab cov kab mob anaerobic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob plab thiab mob plab.

Cov khoom no tseem muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv kab mob hais los saum no los ntawm cov kab mob ampicillin-sensitive. Cov khoom no tsis haum rau kis mob los ntawm Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter, Providencia, Enterobacter, Morgenella thiab Serratia. Cov teeb meem tsis zoo suav nrog qhov mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, tawv nqaij tawv, qee zaum raws plab, xeev siab, thiab nce ntxiv hauv ALT thiab AST.

Ampicillin phiv los 

Ampicillin-kev mob tshwm sim
Ampicillin-kev mob tshwm sim

1. Cov kev phiv tshuaj

Cov teeb meem tsis zoo ntawm ampicillin zoo ib yam li penicillin. Kev ua xua ua rau muaj xws li ua pob ua pob thiab ua xua, uas muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau dua li lwm yam penicillins. Qee zaum, kev ua xua anaphylactic, neutropenia, thiab thrombocytopenia tsis tshua pom, ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub siab tuaj yeem pom, thiab cov tsos mob ntawm lub paj hlwb xws li qaug dab peg tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj loj.

Kev phiv tshuaj tsis zoo feem ntau tshwm sim hauv kev ua xua. Ntawm lawv, pob khaus yog qhov tshwm sim tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm 3.1%~ 18%. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim 7 txog 12 hnub tom qab pib kho, pom tias ua pob khaus lossis ua pob liab liab. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm pob tawv nqaij nrog kev txhaj tshuaj yog siab dua kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj. Cov neeg uas lub raum tsis txaus muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua pob. Muaj cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm exfoliative dermatitis. Thiab tau tshaj tawm tias 8 tus mob ua xua ua pob khaus muaj qib sib txawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub siab, uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua xua ua rau lub siab puas.

  • Cov tawv nqaij ua pob yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tshaj plaws, uas feem ntau tshwm sim 5 hnub tom qab siv tshuaj, ua rau pom tias ua pob khaus lossis ua pob liab liab. Yav dhau los yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua xua ntawm penicillin, thiab tom kawg muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau ampicillin. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yog siab dua qhov kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj.
  • Qee zaum, granulocytes thiab thrombocytopenia tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab siv tshuaj.
  • Cov mob nephritis interstitial tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob peb tus neeg mob tom qab siv tshuaj.
  • Ob peb tus neeg mob muaj lub siab ua haujlwm txawv txav tom qab siv tshuaj.
  • Kev siv tshuaj txhaj loj tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob neurotoxic xws li qaug dab peg. Cov menyuam mos yuav muaj kev nce siab ntxiv hauv lub siab tom qab siv tshuaj, ua rau pom tias yog bregma bulge.
  • Ampicillin-ntsig txog tus kab mob enteritis yog qhov tsawg heev.

2. ceev faj

  • Yog tias mob raws plab hnyav tshwm sim thaum siv tshuaj, nws yuav yog pseudomembranous enteritis, yuav tsum tso tseg cov tshuaj tam sim ntawd, thiab yuav tsum siv tshuaj tua kab mob tom qab kuaj pom.
  • Nws decomposes sai sai hauv qhov tsis muaj zog acidic qabzib kua, yog li qhov nruab nrab infusion yuav tsum tau siv ua qhov hnyav.
  • Ampicillin tuaj yeem txhawb cov metabolism hauv cov tshuaj estrogen lossis txo nws txoj kev nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, thiab txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov ncauj.

3. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Ampicillin

  • Ua ke nrog probenecid, tshuaj aspirin, indomethacin thiab tshuaj sulfa, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tso tawm ntawm tshuaj penicillin tshuaj, nce ntshav siab ntawm penicillins, thiab nce cov txiaj ntsig thiab tshuaj lom.
  • Kev siv ua ke nrog tetracyclines, erythromycin tshuaj, chloramphenicol thiab sulfonamides thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob tej zaum yuav txo cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov khoom no.
  • Kev siv ua ke ntawm ampicillin thiab chloramphenicol muaj qhov cuam tshuam sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas bacilli hauv vitro. Chloramphenicol tsis muaj antagonism rau ampicillin ntawm qhov siab (5 ~ 10 mg/L). Ntawm qhov qis (1 ~ 2 mg/L), nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob tua kab mob ntawm ampicillin tsis muaj zog, tab sis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau chloramphenicol. Thiab thaum ob qhov tshuaj tau siv los kho tus mob meningitis, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim mus ntev yog siab dua siv ib leeg.
  • Ua ke nrog warfarin tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
  • Kanamycin tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv vitro ntawm ampicillin tiv thaiv Escherichia coli, Proteus thiab Enterobacter.
  • Gentamicin tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv vitro ntawm ampicillin ntawm pab pawg B streptococci.

xaus

Ampicillin yog tshuaj tua kab mob beta lactam. Nws tau txiav txim siab yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem thaum xyoo 1960, thiab xyoo 2017 nws tau teev tseg tias yog ib ntawm peb lub carcinogens los ntawm World Health Organization. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaum thov cov tshuaj no.

BALLYA muab a ballya-ampicillin-xeem los qhia koj yog tias muaj ampicillin seem hauv cov zaub mov lossis pub.

References

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Zoo siab tsim los ntawm BALLYA
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