Qhov kub siab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ua rau txo qis qab los noj mov, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev tsim cov mis nyuj ntawm cov nyuj. Ua kom muaj zog kev noj haus thiab kev tswj hwm tuaj yeem txo qhov degree ntawm kev kub ntxhov siab thiab tswj kom ruaj khov thiab muaj txiaj ntsig siab ntawm cov nyuj nyuj nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum xyuam xim rau kev yug me nyuam nyuj nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov?
1. Qhov ntsuas kub, av noo thiab ntsuas kub-Humidity Index
Dairy cows are cold-resistant and not heat-resistant animals. The optimum temperature for dairy cows is 10 – 20 ℃, under which the heat exchange of dairy cows is in equilibrium. In summer, kub thiab av noo lead to an imbalance of the body and systemic reaction, which is called heat stress. When the average temperature is above 25 ℃, cow’s feed intake, milk production, and daily gain are significantly reduced; when the temperature is 40 ℃, cow’s feed intake is 60% lower than that at 10-20 ℃; 50-60% relative humidity is suitable for cow’s production performance, and high humidity is not conducive to heat regulation. Temperature- humidity index in meteorological elements is used to synthetically characterize the degree of comfort of animals in the meteorological environment. Kev ntxhov siab me ntsis tau pom thaum qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub yog 22-26 ℃, qhov ntsuas kub nruab nrab tau pom nyob rau hauv 27-31 ℃ thiab kev kub ntxhov hnyav tau pom hauv 32-37 ℃. Cov nyuj uas muaj qhov ntsuas kub-humidity ntau dua 38 ℃ raug cuam tshuam rau kev tuag.
2. Siv cov cuab yeej ua kom txias kom muaj cua nkag
For semi-enclosed cowshed, doors and windows should be opened, and a windproof curtain should be opened to increase ventilation. For open cowshed, if conditions permit, ventilation facilities or electric fans can be installed, which can reduce the temperature of the shed by 2 ~3 ℃ and accelerate the heat dissipation of the cow body. Installation of water mist spray or water curtain facilities and spray the head and chest of cows with cold water mist to reduce the temperature of the cow’s body. But should pay attention to spraying water generally in hot noon, time should not be too long and the number of times should not be too frequent, otherwise, it will lead to excessive humidity in the shed, resulting in difficulties in heat dissipation of cows. Usually, the cowshed should be kept dry, without water accumulation, and the relative humidity should be kept below 80%.
3. Txhim kho txoj kev pub mis
Kho lub sijhawm pub mis thiab pub ntxov thiab txias thaum yav tsaus ntuj (ua ntej 7 teev sawv ntxov lossis tom qab 9 teev tsaus ntuj). Nce lub sij hawm pub mis thiab noj hmo tsim nyog. Nws tau pom tias ntau dua 60% ntawm cov khoom noj yuav tsum tau noj hmo ntuj thaum lub caij ntuj sov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nyuj tsis txaus noj vim qhov kub thiab txias anorexia.
4. Ua kom cov zaub mov concentration ntawm cov khoom noj thiab kho cov khoom noj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Thaum cov khoom noj qhuav ntawm cov nyuj noj tau txo qis, cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav tsum tsis txhob txo kom ntau li ntau tau. Kev txhim kho cov zaub mov concentration ntawm kev noj haus yog ib qho kev ntsuas tseem ceeb. Qhov no suav nrog ob yam. Ib qho yog kho qhov piv ntawm cov concentrate rau roughage nyob rau hauv kev noj haus, uas yog, kom qhov feem pua ntawm cov concentrate thiab txo tus nqi ntawm roughage. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog vim tsis zoo palatability thiab tsis tshua muaj as-ham concentration ntawm roughage txheeb ze mloog zoo tab sis kuj vim yog qhov ntau dua qhov kub thiab txias dissipation ntawm roughage nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm digestion thiab metabolism. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov concentration yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 60%. Qhov thib ob yog los kho cov khoom noj ntawm cov khoom noj, txo tus nqi ntawm kev noj zaub mov thiab ua kom cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li tag nrho cov noob qoob loo, taum pauv, cov zaub mov zoo, tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. siv, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv pre-lactation thiab high-yield mis nyuj noj nyuj noj, fatty acid calcium, amino acid, thiab lwm yam rumen pub ntau yam yuav tsum tau ntxiv.
Rumen tsis tau siv. Vim qhov nce ntawm cov concentration ntawm cov khoom noj rau lub caij ntuj sov, 0.750% ~ 1.50% baking soda lossis 0.350% ~ 0.40% magnesium oxide yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov khoom noj kom yooj yim rau kev zom thiab nqus cov as-ham hauv rumen.
Ntxiv cov khoom kub ntxhov-relieving. Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov poov tshuaj, sodium, thiab magnesium nyob rau hauv kev noj zaub mov yog cov nplua nuj, vim tias qhov nce ntawm hws nyob rau hauv cov huab cua kub, cov zaub mov tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm electrolytes nyob rau hauv nyuj nyob rau lub sij hawm no, thiab ntxiv cov poov tshuaj, sodium, thiab magnesium nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj yog xav tau. Txhawm rau sib npaug cation thiab anion nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm nyuj nyuj, 30 mus rau 50 grams ntawm poov tshuaj carbonate, 60 mus rau 100 grams magnesium sulfate thiab 120 mus rau 160 grams ntsev tuaj yeem ntxiv rau kev noj zaub mov ntawm txhua tus nyuj. Raws li kev ntxhov siab kub nce kev noj cov vitamin A hauv cov nyuj, cov vitamin A nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov yuav tsum tau muab ob npaug rau.
5. Ua kom dej huv huv
Mis muaj ntau tshaj 87% dej thiab nws yuav siv li 4 kilograms ntawm dej haus ib kilogram ntawm mis nyuj. Yog li, dej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov menyuam nyuj. Tus nqi ntawm cov dej haus ntawm cov mis nyuj muaj feem xyuam rau tus nqi ntawm lactation thiab kub. Qhov tsis muaj dej haus yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kua mis. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, kev siv dej ntawm cov nyuj lactating tuaj yeem yog 3 mus rau 5 npaug ntau npaum li cov qoob loo lactating. Ntxuav lub dab ntxuav tes thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tu ncua, hloov cov dej haus kom huv thiab txias, thiab cia cov nyuj haus dej dawb. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog ua kom muaj kua mis, tab sis kuj ua rau cov nyuj tawm, tshem tawm cov cua sov hauv lub cev, thiab tswj lub cev kub.
6. Txhim khu kev tswj kev huv thiab tshuaj tua kab mob
Muaj yoov tshaj cum thiab yoov nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, uas tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam tus so ntawm cov nyuj cov mis nyuj thiab cuam tshuam rau cov kua mis, tab sis kuj yooj yim kis tus kab mob. Aerosol insecticides tuaj yeem siv los txau lub cev nyuj thiab cov ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tsis tu ncua kom tshem tawm yoov tshaj cum thiab yoov. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tshem cov quav hauv lub sijhawm thiab ua kom cov nyuj thiab tsiaj txhu ua liaj ua teb huv si thiab qhuav. Sterilize cowshed nrog 5% Lysol los yog 2% caustic sodium tov ib zaug ib lub lim tiam, los yog siv cov hmoov ceev ceev kom tsis muaj menyuam nyuj, deodorize thiab dehumidify, kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov.