Tetracycline yog cov organic sib xyaw nrog cov qauv molecular C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈. Nws thiab nws cov ntsev yog daj lossis lub teeb daj muaju. Lawv ruaj khov heev hauv lub xeev qhuav. Tsuas yog chlortetracycline, cov kua dej ntawm lwm yam tetracyclines yog qhov ruaj khov. Tetracyclines yog soluble hauv dilute acids, alkalis, thiab lwm yam, me ntsis soluble hauv dej thiab qis cawv, tab sis tsis yaj hauv ether thiab roj av ether.
BALLYA muab a tetracyclines xeem los qhia koj yog tias muaj tetracyclines seem hauv cov khoom siv mis uas koj noj txhua hnub.
Tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau suav nrog tshuaj aureomycin, terramycin, doxycycline thiab tetracycline. Tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua niam txiv. Chlortetracycline thiab oxytetracycline yog ob qho tib si ntawm tetracycline. Tus qub yog chloretracyelin thiab tom kawg yog oxyeracyein. Tsev neeg tetracycline yog txhua yam kua qaub-puag amphoteric sib txuas.
Tetracycline muaj cov qauv tshuaj molecular ntawm C22H24N2O8 thiab lub cev hnyav ntawm 444.45. Nws yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav. Nws yog cov xim daj uas muaj qhov iab iab thiab cov ntsiab lus melting 170 ～ 175 ℃ (decomposition). Nws yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej, soluble hauv ethanol thiab acetone, ruaj khov hauv huab cua, tab sis yooj yim nqus dej, hloov xim los ntawm tshav ntuj muaj zog.
Tetracycline hydrochloride hmoov yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav. Nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau feem ntau cov kab mob gram-positive thiab gram-negative. Qhov siab siab muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv rickettsia, kab mob trachoma, thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm gram-negative bacilli. Nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yog feem ntau los tiv thaiv kev sib xyaw ntawm aminoacyl thiab ribonucleoprotein lub cev, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm peptide saw thiab protein synthesis, yog li inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Nws kuj muaj cov kab mob bactericidal ntawm qhov siab.
Muaj kev tiv thaiv khaub thuas ntawm tetracycline thiab oxytetracycline. Clinically, nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov kab mob dysentery, trachoma, tus mob hnoos qeev, mob ntsws, mob ntsws ua paug, kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, otitis media, thiab lwm yam.
Tetracycline feem ntau yog muab rho tawm los ntawm kab lis kev cai broth ntawm Streptomyces viridans lossis dechlorinated los ntawm chlortetracycline. Nws tsis yog tshuaj lom heev. Tab sis tetracycline pob txuv feem ntau tshwm sim, xws li xeev siab, ntuav, tsis qab los, kis ob zaug, cuam tshuam rau pob txha thiab cov hniav loj hlob, thiab lwm yam.
Muaj peb tiam ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob tetracycline. Thawj cov khoom tsim tawm: chlortetracycline, tetracycline thiab oxytetracycline yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj, uas tau siv dav vim lawv qhov dav, siv tau yooj yim, thiab cov yam ntxwv kev lag luam.
Tom qab ntawd, nws tau pom tias cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob no tsis ruaj khov txaus, thiab lawv pheej muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hnyav tau coj mus rau qhov xav tau nrawm los tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob tetracycline tshiab. Los ntawm kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem dav dav, lub cim thib ob ib nrab hluavtaws tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob sawv cev los ntawm doxycycline thiab minocycline. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo li no yog lipophilic ntau dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nqus ntawm tes. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tau tshwm sim tas li, uas txwv nws txoj kev siv tshuaj kho mob.
Xyoo 2005, Asmeskas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj Yeeb Tshuaj (FDA) tau pom zoo ua lag luam ntawm tigecycline, uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev siv tshuaj ntau-resistant Staphylococcus aureus thiab vancomycin tshuaj-cov kab mob tiv taus. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob glycylcycline sawv cev los ntawm nws tau cim lub hnub yug ntawm tiam thib peb ntawm tetracycline.
Vim tias cov tshuaj tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm tetracycline thib peb tiv thaiv cov kab mob tsis haum tshuaj yog kom muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm D ntiv nplhaib, xws li glycyl, dimethylamino, fluoro thiab lwm yam, nws nyuaj heev los tsim cov qauv no siv yav dhau los ib nrab hluavtaws txoj kev. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kho tshiab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tag nrho cov txheej txheem los tsim D-ring ntau qhov hloov pauv tetracycline pob txha. Qhov no tseem yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm tetracycline los ntawm kev sib xyaw ib nrab mus rau lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm kev sib xyaw tag nrho.
Cov txheej txheem tua kab mob ntawm ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cov cell sab hauv lossis sab nraum cov kab mob. Tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob tsim kev thim rov qab ua ke nrog 30S subunit ntawm cov kab mob ribosome txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov protein sib sau thiab muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qis, qhov kev sib tw thim rov qab sib tw no tseem yuav plam nws cov txiaj ntsig, thiab cov kab mob sib txuas ua ke cov protein yuav txuas ntxiv mus.
Tetracycline tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov synthesis ntawm mitochondrial protein los ntawm kev khi rau mitochondrial 70S subunit. Tetracycline muaj qhov sib zog ua kom muaj peev xwm rau 80S subunit ntawm eukaryotic ribosomes, yog li lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv cov protein sib sau hauv cov hlwb eukaryotic kuj tseem qaug zog. Qhov no yuav yog qhov laj thawj vim li cas tetracycline muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog tab sis muaj kev phiv me me rau tib neeg.
Vim tias tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob tau siv dav rau kev kho kab mob hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu tau ntev, cov tshuaj tiv taus kab mob tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Muaj peb lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshuaj: ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tetracycline los ntawm lub tshuab nqus dej (xws li protein tet A); kev tiv thaiv kab mob ribosome (xws li protein tet M) kom cais tawm tetracycline los ntawm 30S subunit; Enzymatic hydrolysis.
Vim yog siv tetracycline mus ntev, tau pom cov kab mob tetracycline-resistant. Qhov tsis kam ntawm cov kab mob mus rau tetracyclines feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Tom qab thawj qhov kev raug mob tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov kab mob tiv taus yuav tsim, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj nyob hauv plasmid lossis hloov chaw.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua: Tetracycline tuaj yeem khi rau cov protein ntawm 30S subunit ntawm ribosome, yog li ua rau cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem hloov pauv ntawm ribosome. Nws suav cov protein-membrane sib cais ua los ntawm 399 amino acids, uas tiv thaiv tetracycline nkag mus rau hauv cov cell.
Tetracycline yog cov tshuaj sawv cev ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tetracycline, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav, thiab pom tau tias muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo rau feem ntau cov kab mob Gram-positive thiab tsis zoo.
Nov yog ib qho tshwm sim tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tshuaj tetracycline ntsiav tshuaj. Qee tus neeg mob yuav muaj kev txawv txav ntawm xeev siab, ntuav, raws plab, tsis xis nyob hauv plab thiab lwm yam tsos mob tom qab noj tetracycline ntsiav tshuaj. Nws tau pom zoo tias koj yuav tsum ua lub cev qoj ib ce tom qab noj tshuaj thiab tsis txhob pw hauv txaj tam sim ntawd txhawm rau txo qhov khaus ntawm tetracycline mus rau txoj hnyuv.
Cov neeg mob noj tetracycline ntsiav tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm cov rog rog ua kom lub cev tsis zoo thiab hepatotoxicity, thiab tetracycline ntsiav tshuaj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau mob pancreatitis. Kuv vam tias txhua tus yuav ua tib zoo mloog.
Noj cov tshuaj tetracycline, cov neeg mob yuav ntsib pob khaus maculopapular thiab erythema, thiab qee tus neeg mob yuav pom cov tsos mob ntawm urticaria lossis ua xua purpura, lossis ua rau pom cov tsos mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij qub. Thiab ob peb tus neeg mob yuav muaj qhov pom kev zoo thaum noj tshuaj tetracycline. Nws tau pom zoo tias cov neeg mob noj tshuaj tetracycline kom tsis txhob kis lub cev.
Tom qab noj cov tshuaj tetracycline yuav ua rau pom cov tsos mob xws li thrombocytopenia thiab leukopenia, thiab qee tus neeg mob yuav muaj cov tsos mob ntawm hemolytic anemia. Nws tau pom zoo tias kev txheeb xyuas kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau ua tas li tom qab noj cov tshuaj tetracycline.
Tom qab noj cov tshuaj tetracycline, qee cov neeg mob yuav muaj kev nce siab hauv lub cev xws li mob taub hau, ntuav, thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg mob yuav tsum tso tseg cov tshuaj tam sim yog tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim.
Qee cov neeg mob noj tshuaj tetracycline yuav muaj cov tsos mob xws li hyperphosphatemia thiab acidosis, thiab qee cov neeg mob yuav ua rau pom cov tsos mob qub ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub raum.
Kev siv cov tshuaj tetracycline mus sij hawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tsis haum thiab ua rau mob hnyav ntxiv ntawm txoj hnyuv, tso zis, thiab ua pa ua pa.
Tetracycline muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov hniav, thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tetracycline cov hniav. Yog li ntawd, poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov hluas thiab cov poj niam pub niam mis raug txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj no.
Txoj kev txiav txim siab ntawm tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau suav nrog txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob microbial, ntxim nyiam microbial receptor txoj kev ntsuas, enzyme-txuas immunoassay, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis chromatography, txheej txheej chromatography, ua tau zoo chromatography, kua chromatography-huab hwm coj spectrometry thiab lwm yam.
Tom qab cov qauv raug rho tawm thiab ua kom huv, cov tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov txheej txheej nyias nyias chromatography lossis cov kua chromatography, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab ntau los ntawm spectrophotometric, fluorescence lossis huab hwm coj spectrometry nrhiav pom.
Txoj kev microbiological yog ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas ib txwm rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm tetracyclines thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov kab mob me me feem ntau muaj qhov ua rau nkag siab tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qee yam tetracyclines, yog li txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob microbial tseem siv tau. Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 yog cov kab mob me me uas siv los tshuaj xyuas tetracyclines. Nws qhov rhiab heev rau chlortetracycline yog 0.005 mg/L, thiab 0.025mg/L rau tetracycline thiab oxytetracycline, 0.001 ～ 0.002 mg/L rau minocycline.
Piv nrog rau lwm txoj hauv kev ntsuas, kev tiv thaiv kab mob microbial yog yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tus nqi qis, thiab tsis xav tau cov cuab yeej siv ntse thiab cov txheej txheem ua piv txwv nyuaj ua ntej, yog li nws haum rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntau qhov qauv. Qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob microbial yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm hom tetracyclines tshwj xeeb, yog li nws nyuaj rau kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis ntau dua.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob ncaj qha tuaj yeem siv los tshuaj xyuas tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob hauv mis. Tetracycline bovine serum albumin conjugate yog siv rau kev npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, homologous tetracycline-casein conjugate tau siv los ua cov tshuaj reagent, thiab tshis tiv thaiv kab laum IgG-horseradish peroxidase yog siv ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob.
Cov qauv mis nyuj tau muab centrifuged rau defatted, diluted nrog phosphate buffer ntawm qhov sib piv tsawg kawg 1:30, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim ncaj qha los ntawm enzyme immunoassay. Qhov ntsuas pom tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5 ng/g. Vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siv hauv txoj kev no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog chlortetracycline Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias txoj kev no tsis siv los tshuaj xyuas tetracyclines, qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj rau chlortetracycline yog qis li 5 ng/g. Vim tias muaj kev hla dhau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov txiaj ntsig tsis raug siab ntau, kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau yog siv thawj txoj hauv kev tshuaj xyuas rau kev kuaj pom tetracyclines.
Tetracycline yog dab tsi? Thaum ntxov thaum tsim tetracycline, nws yog txoj moo zoo ntawm noob neej. Nws daws tau ntau yam kab mob nyuaj nyuaj hauv lub sijhawm ntawd. Tshuaj tua kab mob tau tsim txom thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv vim qhov no "cov txiaj ntsig ua kom zoo" Thiab tam sim no, yuav daws qhov teeb meem ntawm tetracycline tsis kam yuav yog teeb meem rau noob neej li cas.
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