Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tetracycline qhov muag tshuaj pleev is tshuaj tetracycline. Nws lub npe tshuaj yog: 6-methyl-4- (dimethylamino) -3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a, 5,5a, 6,11,12a-Octahydro -2-tetrabenzamide. Cov mis mos molecular: C22H24N2O8. Molecular phaus: 444.44.
BALLYA muab a tetracyclines xeem los qhia koj yog tias muaj tetracyclines seem hauv cov khoom siv mis uas koj noj txhua hnub.
Cov khoom no zoo li lub teeb daj lossis xim daj.
PIB: 0.5%
Cov khoom no yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav-spectrum antibacterial, uas muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob ntawm qhov siab. Ntau tus rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia thiab spirochetes nkag siab zoo rau cov khoom no. Enterococcus tiv taus nws.
Cov khoom no muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv Neisseria gonorrhoeae, tab sis penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae kuj tseem tiv taus tshuaj tetracycline. Tau ntau xyoo, vim kev siv dav ntawm tetracyclines, cov kab mob sib kis tau tiv taus tetracycline, thiab cov kab mob gram-positive xws li staphylococci thiab feem ntau enterobacteriaceae kuj tseem tiv taus nws. Muaj kev tiv thaiv khaub thuas ntawm cov khoom no thiab ntau yam sib txawv ntawm tetracyclines. Cov tetracycline mechanism ntawm kev nqis tes ua ntawm cov khoom no yog tias cov tshuaj tuaj yeem tshwj xeeb khi rau Txoj Haujlwm ntawm 30S subunit ntawm cov kab mob ribosome txhawm rau txhawm rau txwv kev loj hlob ntawm peptide saw thiab cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob protein.
Tetracycline qhov muag tshuaj pleev yog qhov dav-spectrum tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob Gram-positive thiab qee cov kab mob Gram-negative. Nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev kho mob Mycoplasma mob ntsws, Chlamydia, Rickettsia thiab Amoeba. Tetracycline ointment feem ntau yog siv hauv tsev kho mob rau kev kho kab mob sib kis, keratitis, blepharitis, trachoma, thiab lwm yam. Tetracycline tshuaj pleev kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau qee qhov tawv nqaij, ua rau daim nyias nyias thiab raug mob, uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo.
Cov kab mob sib kis tuaj yeem muab faib ua mob hnyav, subacute thiab mob ntev raws li qhov xwm txheej thiab chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob. Raws li qhov ua rau, lawv tuaj yeem faib ua cov kab mob, kis kab mob, mob chlamydial, kab mob thiab ua xua, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kab mob sib kis, nws tuaj yeem faib ua cov kab mob sib kis hauv lub cev, mob sib txuas sib txuas ntev, daim nyias nyias thiab pseudomembranous conjunctivitis.
A. Ua
Etiology ntawm tus kab mob conjunctivitis tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: kis thiab tsis kis.
B. Cov tsos mob
Qhov muag cuam tshuam muaj lub cev txawv teb chaws, hnov mob, tawv muag hnyav, thiab tso zis ntau ntxiv. Thaum lub qhov muag raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tus kab mob, photophobia, kua muag, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
C. Kev tiv thaiv
Cov kab mob sib kis feem ntau kis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag, yog li yuav tsum tau ntxuav tes ntau zaus kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov muag. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav koj lub ntsej muag nrog cov dej ntws, cais cov phuam da dej, phuam qhwv caj dab thiab lwm yam khoom los ntawm lwm tus, thiab ntxuav thiab tua lawv ntau zaus. Qee qhov kev ntsuas cais tawm yuav tsum tau ua rau cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob sib kis, thiab tsis ua luam dej hauv thaj chaw ua luam dej tsis raug tso cai. Yog tias ib lub qhov muag raug tus kab mob sib kis, tus neeg mob yuav tsum raug hais kom tiv thaiv lub qhov muag kom zoo los ntawm kev kis kab mob. Cov neeg uas ua haujlwm hauv qhov cua daj cua dub, muaj plua plav thiab pa luam yeeb yuav tsum txhim kho ib puag ncig thiab looj tsom iav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob sib kis.
Kev mob ntawm lub pob muag uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam sib xws yog hu ua keratitis. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim hauv ophthalmology thiab ib ntawm cov kab mob dig muag tseem ceeb hauv Suav teb. Lub pob muag nyob ntawm qhov xub thawj ntawm lub qhov muag thiab tiv tauj ncaj qha nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nrauv. Nws raug rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob me me, kev raug mob, thiab lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Clinically, nws muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim xws li lub qhov muag tsis pom, qhov mob, photophobia thiab kua muag, thiab pom qhov muag tsis pom.
Kev tshuaj xyuas kab mob ophthalmological qhia pom kev ploj ntawm lub qhov muag ci, txo qhov pom kev, thiab ua rau mob plab. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, lub qhov muag tawg, kev nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag thiab txawm tias dig muag tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Tam sim no, keratitis tau muab faib ua kis kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob, noj zaub mov tsis zoo, ua rau lub cev tuag tes tuag taw thiab raug raws li qhov ua rau muaj kab mob. Kev kis mob keratitis feem ntau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov muag, thaum tiv thaiv kab mob keratopathy yooj yim tshwm sim nyob rau ib sab ntawm lub qhov muag.
A. Ua
a. Tus mob
Kev kis tus kab mob feem ntau yog ua rau keratitis. Cov kab mob me me muaj xws li cov kab mob (xws li pneumococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gonococcus, thiab lwm yam), kab mob (herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, thiab lwm yam), Fungi, Acanthamoeba, Mycoplasma, Chlamidia, Treponema pallets kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim thaum cov hlab ntsha hauv lub qhov muag puas, poob, lossis lub cev tsis kam raug txo. Corneal epithelium yog qhov nquag kis mob tom qab raug mob.
Yog li ntawd, lub cev txawv teb chaws ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov txhaws ntawm qhov muag, kev siv qhov muag tsis raug, qhov muag sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj muaj kab mob lossis cov dej hauv dej yog qhov ua rau muaj feem kis tau tus kab mob keratitis. Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, thiab kab mob nkeeg ntev kuj yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm keratitis.
b. Sab hauv yam
Nws hais txog cov kab mob endogenous los ntawm tag nrho lub cev, xws li qee cov kab mob autoimmune, lossis qee yam kab mob hauv lub cev (xws li tsis muaj vitamin A, trigeminal puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb) kis mus rau lub qhov muag.
Lub qhov muag tsis muaj cov hlab ntshav, yog li cov kab mob sib kis tau yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv lub qhov muag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub so ntswg sib koom nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tag nrho lub cev. Txawm hais tias nws qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob qis dua li ntawm lwm cov ntaub so ntswg, nws cov metabolism hauv qeeb dua, uas ua rau qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob no hloov pauv mus ntev. Ua nyob rau hauv lub xeev uas nkag siab, yog li nws muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kab mob ua xua, xws li vesicular keratitis.
B. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim
Tshwj tsis yog keratitis tuag tes tuag taw, feem ntau cov neeg mob keratitis muaj cov tsos mob hnyav, xws li mob, photophobia, los kua muag, thiab blepharospasm. Cov neeg mob keratitis tsis yog tsuas yog ciliary hyperemia tab sis kuj yog iris hyperemia. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub qhov muag sib txuas thiab txawm tias daim tawv muag.
Cov tsos mob ntawm keratitis tshwm sim los ntawm qhov ua rau sib txawv kuj txawv. Cov kab mob keratitis muaj qhov pib tshwm sim sai tshaj plaws thiab cov tsos mob hnyav tshaj plaws, nrog kev tso zis ntau ntxiv thiab khov. Kab mob keratitis yog qhov thib ob rau nws, nrog ob peb qhov zais zis, uas yog cov dej los yog hnoos zoo li; fungal Keratitis yog qhov me tshaj, thiab qee zaum kab mob hauv lub qhov muag twb hnyav lawm, tab sis cov neeg mob qhov kev xav tsis pom tseeb. Cov neeg mob herpes simplex keratitis tuaj yeem poob qhov muag pom.
Cov tawv nqaij txhaws yuav cuam tshuam qhov pom kev mus rau qhov ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qhov mob nkag mus rau thaj chaw menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov caws pliav uas tsim tom qab lub qhov txhab zoo tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, tab sis tseem hloov pauv qhov nkhaus thiab lub zog rov qab los ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, yog li cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem tsom mus rau lub qhov muag kom pom cov duab meej, yog li txo qhov muag. Qib ntawm kev koom nrog pom kev yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov caws pliav. Yog tias nws nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov muag, txawm tias qhov caws pliav me me, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau lub zeem muag.
Cov tawv nqaij nyob ze rau ntawm ntug qhov muag yog "daim tawv muag". Qhov mob ntawm cov plaub muag thiab ntug ntawm daim tawv muag los ntawm kev mob los yog kab mob kis tau hu ua "blepharitis", uas yog ib qho uas ua rau pom qhov muag sab nraud ntau heev. Cov neeg mob yuav hnov mob, khaus, thiab khaus ntawm daim tawv muag. Qee tus neeg mob txawm tias muaj qhov txhab nyob ib ncig ntawm daim tawv muag thiab plaub muag poob.
A. Cause
Blepharitis feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm seborrheic dermatitis (kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas ua rau khaus, khaus khaus, thiab mob o) lossis kis kab mob.
B. Cov tsos mob
C. Pawg neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab
Cov tawv muag yog ib qho ntawm cov kabmob uas zais cov qog sebaceous. Cov qog qog ntawm daim tawv muag zais cov rog mus rau saum cov kua muag. Nws lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau txo qis cov kua muag, tab sis kev tso dej ntau dhau ua rau ua rau mob blepharitis.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov kub hnyiab, hws thiab lub cev tso tawm ntau ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tus kheej qhov muag, tsis mloog zoo rau kev noj zaub mov, feem ntau noj kib, kib thiab lwm yam zaub mov, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm blepharitis. Vim tias cov tsos mob thaum ntxov ntawm blepharitis zoo ib yam li ntawm txhua yam kab mob ntawm lub qhov muag, nws yog qhov yooj yim kom tsis txhob saib. Ntau tus neeg mob hauv chav kho mob sab nrauv tsis tau kho kom zoo, yog li tsis tsuas yog lawv feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm blepharitis, tab sis cov tsos mob no txuas ntxiv zuj zus.
Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, stye (liab thiab o ntawm cov qog roj, feem ntau hu ua pinholes) lossis chalazion (o ntawm cov qog qog tsis muaj liab) thiab txawm tias cellulitis feem ntau rov tshwm sim. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tsos mob ntawm blepharitis tuaj yeem kuaj pom tsis raug raws li xerophthalmia, uas ncua kev kho mob. Yog li, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv lub teeb hlais kom pom qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv muag kom tsim kev kuaj mob.
Trachoma yog kab mob sib kis mob sib kis los ntawm Chlamydia trachomatis. Nws yog hu ua trachoma vim nws qhov ntxhib thiab tsis zoo li lub ntsej muag ntawm daim tawv muag sib txuas. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob, muaj qhov nkag mus rau ntawm tus kab mob sib txuas, xws li lub txiv mis thiab lub hauv paus hyperplasia, thiab lub qhov muag daj. Nyob rau theem kawg, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm daim tawv muag sib txuas yog qhov caws pliav, ua rau lub qhov muag hloov pauv ntawm qhov muag, ua rau lub qhov muag puas ntxiv, thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo thiab txawm tias ua rau dig muag. Lub sijhawm tsim tawm yog 5 txog 14 hnub.
A. Cause
Tus kab mob no yog kab mob sib kis los ntawm tus kab mob Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia trachomatis feem ntau cuam tshuam rau daim tawv muag sib txuas, uas tej zaum yuav muaj hyperemia thiab cov hlab ntshav plooj, lub txiv mis ua rau lub ntsej muag, ua rau lub ntsej muag hyperplasia, lub qhov muag pom, thiab thaum kawg xaus nrog qhov caws pliav.
B. Cov tsos mob
Cov tsos mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog mob hnyav. Tus neeg mob muaj lub cev txawv teb chaws hnov, photophobia, kua muag, thiab ntau cov hnoos qeev lossis cov kua paug tawm. Tom qab ob peb lub lis piam, cov tsos mob hnyav zuj zus thiab nkag mus rau theem mob. Lub sijhawm no, tsis muaj qhov tsis xis nyob lossis tsuas yog lub qhov muag ua kom yuag yuag. Yog tias nws tau kho lossis kho nws tus kheej nyob rau lub sijhawm no, yuav tsis muaj qhov cim tseg.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj tus kab mob mus ntev, kev rov kis mob feem ntau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw muaj kab mob, thiab qhov mob hnyav zuj zus tuaj. Thaum muaj qhov ua kom nquag plias ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov ua rau khaus ntau dua thiab pom kev yuav poob. Hauv theem kawg, cov tsos mob pom tseeb dua, uas cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev pom kev thiab txawm tias qhov muag tsis pom vim tshwm sim tom ntej, xws li entropion, trichiasis, qhov txhab ntawm lub qhov muag thiab qhov muag qhuav.
C. Kev tiv thaiv
Chlamydia trachomatis feem ntau txuas nrog qhov zais ntawm qhov muag ntawm cov neeg mob. Ib qho kev sib cuag nrog qhov tso zis no tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws. Yog li ntawd, kev tshaj tawm thiab kev kawm yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau kev coj noj coj ua zoo. Tsis txhob txhuam koj lub qhov muag nrog koj txhais tes, thiab ntxuav thiab so koj cov phuam da dej thiab phuam qhwv caj dab tas li.
Tetracycline qhov muag tshuaj pleev muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov muag o. Thiab hauv lub neej txhua hnub, peb yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib lub qhov muag huv thiab huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab koom nrog kis las ntau zaus txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv.
References