DHA yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb kev loj hlob thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub hlwb thiab retina. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm DHA yog lub hlwb kub, ntse thiab txawj ntse. Cov niam tsev zoo saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom ntawd ntev li ntev tau zoo rau menyuam yaus, tab sis qhov tseeb tias kev noj DHA ntau ntxiv ua rau tus menyuam txawj ntse dua puas yog?
Ntau tus niam txiv paub tias DHA yog qhov zoo thiab menyuam xav tau ntxiv DHA, tab sis nws tsis paub meej tias yuav tsum tau ntxiv DHA ntau npaum li cas. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog tsuas yog menyuam yaus uas xav tau ntxiv DHA tab sis kuj rau cov niam uas xeeb tub, nws yog qhov tsim nyog ntxiv DHA kom tsim nyog.
Ua ntej, DHA tseem muaj cov haujlwm no.
1. DHA muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho paj hlwb ntawm menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus. Pawg kws tshaj lij ntawm European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) txhawb lub luag haujlwm zoo ntawm DHA hauv kev txhim kho lub paj hlwb xyoo 2014. Kev tswj hwm qib DHA uas tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev txhim kho menyuam yaus txoj kev txawj ntse, tus cwj pwm, lub cev muaj zog, thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb. . Nws tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam lub paj hlwb zoo dua qub thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob thaum ntxov ntawm menyuam mos lub paj hlwb txoj haujlwm.
2. DHA txhawb kev txhim kho kev pom kev hauv menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus. Raws li kev tshawb fawb yooj yim, DHA suav txog 93% ntawm tag nrho retinal n-3 LCPUFAs. DHA tuaj yeem ua rau cov yas ntxiv ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab ua kom yooj yim ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes, kom hloov pauv tau zoo rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm rhodopsin. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam tau pom tias tsim nyog DHA ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub thiab kev yug menyuam muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm menyuam mos, thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa menyuam kom pom kev zoo.
3. Txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug menyuam ntxov. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tswj hwm, ntxiv ntawm n3-LCPUFAs, ntses ntses thiab DHA thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ncua lub hnub nyoog cev xeeb tub los ntawm 2.6-2.9 hnub, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug menyuam ntxov. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias DHA ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug menyuam ntxov ntxov thiab txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv nruab nrab.
4. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias DHA tuaj yeem txhim kho menyuam mos pw tsaug zog thiab tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab txo qis Kev Nyuaj Siab Tom Qab Tom Tsev. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev noj cov nqaij nruab deg thiab qib DHA hauv niam mis tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev nyuaj siab tom qab yug menyuam. Ntawd yog, qib DHA nruab nrab kuj tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txhim kho kev nyuaj siab tom qab yug menyuam, lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev pw tsaug zog, tab sis vim tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb, nws qhov kev sib raug zoo xav tau kev kawm ntxiv thiab siv tau.
Qhov thib ob, DHA muaj ntau yam zoo, peb yuav tsum tau txais nws ntau npaum li peb tuaj yeem ua tau?
Los ntawm qhov saum toj no, koj tuaj yeem pom tias DHA yog qhov tseem ceeb unsaturated fatty acid, tib neeg lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim nws tus kheej, yog li nws yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Thaum hnov nws yuav ua rau menyuam yaus ntse dua, cov niam txiv xav muab lawv cov menyuam ntau DHA ntxiv.
Qhov tseeb, tsuav yog peb noj zaub mov zoo, nplua nuj thiab muaj ntau yam, DHA feem ntau tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus. Txawm hais tias DHA yog qhov tseeb, nws tsis zoo li muaj kev phiv ntau, tab sis yog tias DHA tau ntxiv rau ntau ntau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yuav ua rau tus menyuam muaj roj lossis txawm tias ncaj qha nce lub nra ntawm tus menyuam lub raum, uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb tias ntau qhov lawv ntxiv rau tus menyuam yog sib npaug nrog tus menyuam nrog kev txawj ntse ntau dua.
Qhov thib peb, cov hmoov mis nyuj twb muaj DHA. Puas xav tau cov tshuaj ntxiv?
Qhov no nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm DHA hauv mis hmoov. Ntawm kev pom zoo lub rooj sib tham, Suav Tus Kws Pab Khoom Noj Khoom Haus tau thov tias cov mis hmoov uas muaj DHA yuav tsum siv thaum pub niam mis tsis tau lossis pub mis tsis txaus, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm DHA yuav tsum yog 0.2% - 0.5% ntawm tag nrho cov kua qaub. Pawg EFSA Cov Kws Tshaj Lij tau taw qhia xyoo 2009 tias qhov ntxiv ntawm DHA nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj uas tsis tsawg dua 0.3% hauv mis mis hmoov tuaj yeem pab txhim kho qib kev pom kev ntawm menyuam mos.
Rau cov niam muaj me nyuam, yuav tsum tau txais DHA sai li sai tau thaum cev xeeb tub. European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) pom zoo tias cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab leej niam pub niam mis yuav tsum ntxiv DHA+EPA 250 mg txhua hnub, ntxiv rau 100-200 mg DHA ntawm qhov no. Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas FAO ntawm Cov Kws Tshaj Lij thiab Pawg Kws Tshaj Lij ntawm International Society of Perinatal Medicine tau pom zoo tias cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov niam pub niam mis noj DHA tsawg kawg 200 mg ib hnub.
Hauv xyoo 2013, Suav cov khoom noj khoom haus kuj tau thov tias DHA kev noj haus yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 200 mg ib hnub thaum cev xeeb tub. Lub Koom Haum Suav Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv pom zoo tias kev noj DHA txhua hnub yuav tsum tau txog 100 mg rau menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus. Txog kev pub niam mis rau menyuam mos tas hnub, niam nco qab qhov ntawd mis niam rau menyuam mos yog lub qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm DHA. Tsuav ntev li niam tau txais 200 mg DHA txhua hnub, tus menyuam xav tau 100 mg DHA txhua hnub, yog li tus menyuam tsis tas yuav ntxiv DHA. Rau cov menyuam mos yug ntxov, European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition pom zoo kom noj DHA txhua hnub ntawm 12-30 mg/kg.
Raws li cov lus pom zoo los ntawm American Academy of Pediatrics, cov menyuam mos yug ntxov ntxov uas muaj qhov hnyav tsawg dua 1000 g: noj txhua hnub ntau dua 21 mg/kg; cov menyuam mos yug ntxov nrog qhov hnyav hnyav dua 1500 g: noj txhua hnub ntau dua 18 mg/kg. European Food and Security Agency (EFSA) ntseeg tias 250 mg DHA yuav tsum tau noj txhua hnub rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 2 txog 18 xyoo.
Plaub, yuav ua li cas ntxiv DHA?
Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm DHA hauv zaub mov yog ntses thiab algae. DHA cov zaub mov nplua nuj yog: ntses salmon, sardines, tuna, croaker daj, perch, cod, flatfish, cws, hiav txwv roob ris, qwj nplais, seaweed, hiav txwv dib, thiab qe qe yog txhua qhov chaw zoo ntawm DHA.
1. Rau cov menyuam mos uas twb tau ntxiv zaub mov ntxiv lawm, qee cov khoom noj uas muaj DHA tuaj yeem ntxiv tau kom tau raws li qhov lawv xav tau. Rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab leej niam pub niam mis, Suav Koom Haum Niam Txiv ntawm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv pom zoo tias DHA yuav tsum tau noj tsawg kawg 200 mg ib hnub hauv xyoo 2013. DHA yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev noj 2-3 pluas noj hauv ib lub lis piam nrog ntau dua ib pluag mov ntawm cov nqaij nruab deg ntses thiab ib qe ib hnub.
2. Rau cov menyuam pub niam mis, tsuav yog leej niam pab txaus, feem ntau hais lus, menyuam tsis tas yuav ntxiv DHA; rau cov menyuam mos noj mis hmoov, qee cov mis hmoov twb muaj DHA uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias qee yam mis nyuj hmoov rau menyuam mos muaj tsawg dua DHA thiab tej zaum yuav xav tau kev pab ntxiv. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev sau DHA tuaj yeem ua nws lub luag haujlwm.
3. DHA cov tshuaj ntxiv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum tsis tuaj yeem noj cov zaub mov muaj DHA txaus xws li ntses thiab algae txhua hnub. Cov tshuaj DHA ib txwm yog ntses roj DHA thiab roj algae DHA. Ntses roj muaj DHA thiab EPA. EPA tuaj yeem nthuav cov hlab ntsha thiab txwv tsis pub ntshav coagulation. Yog li ntawd, cov roj ntses uas tsis yog ntses DHA yog qhov zoo tshaj ntxiv rau cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis. Ib qho ntxiv, hauv GB10765-2010 Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj Hauv Tebchaws Txuj Ci Txuj Ci Me Nyuam Mos Mis, tus nqi EPA hauv cov saw ntev uas tsis muaj cov rog rog hauv cov mis mos mis yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj DHA.
Yog li ntawd, nws tsis pom zoo tias menyuam mos noj zaub mov ntau dhau uas muaj EPA, thiab qhov huv ntawm algae DHA siab dua li cov ntses roj DHA, yog li nws tau ntxiv rau cov menyuam mos. DHA yog cov roj algae nyiam dua DHA kev npaj. Thaum kawg, yog tias koj mob siab txog DHA thaum yuav cov kua mis los ntawm cov khw muag mis, koj yuav tsum zam qhov ntawd mis hmoov hom uas tsis muaj DHA. Koj tuaj yeem xa mus rau kab lus "Bei Mei Tong Heng Xibao Beixi thiab lwm yam khoom siv mis tsis muaj DHA" tshwj xeeb, vam tias yuav pab koj zam nws.