1. Cov Ntsiab Lus Ntxiv Ntxiv
Muaj 7 hom kab kawm uas nyuj feem ntau xav tau ntxiv, xws li hlau, tooj liab, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, thiab cobalt. Daim ntawv thov thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kab kawm tau dhau los ntawm peb theem, lawv yog inorganic ntsev theem, yooj yim organic compound theem, thiab amino acid integration theem. Cov ntsiab lus amino acid cov chelates yog complex chelates synthesized los ntawm kev sib koom tes bonds, covalent bonds los yog ionic bonds nrog ligand amino acids los yog tsis tshua muaj molecular phaus peptide bonds centering ntawm kab keeb ions. Cov kab mob amino acid chelates muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, muaj zog lom neeg muaj zog, tshwj xeeb lub cev ua haujlwm, thiab tus nqi siab. Tam sim no, lawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov pa ntxiv hauv kev tsim khoom.
Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov kab mob amino acid chelates tuaj yeem ua kom lub tsho ntawm cov nyuj mis nyuj thiab kho mob ntsws muaj dej thiab raws plab. Pub mis nyujs nrog zinc amino acid chelate, tooj liab amino acid chelate, thiab ascorbic acid tuaj yeem kho tus mob ntawm calf's salmonella. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ntawm cov kab sib txuas, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau yam kab sib txawv yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab thaum ntxiv cov kab hauv cov khoom noj. Piv txwv li, thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm manganese nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov yog tsawg, theem ntawm selenium nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj yuav txo. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cobalt thiab sulfur hauv kev noj haus tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm selenium hauv cov tsiaj.
2.Anionic ntsev
Nws tau tshaj tawm tias 48% ntawm cov nyuj cov mis nyuj raug mob los ntawm cov mis nyuj kub taub hau thaum noj nrog cov khoom noj cationic, thaum cov neeg noj nrog cov zaub mov anionic tsis raug kev txom nyem. mis nyuj ua npaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov mis nyuj kub taub hau poob los ntawm 17% mus rau 4% thaum cov nyuj tau noj nrog cov ntsev anionic thiab 150 g ntawm calcium noj ib hnub. Ob mus rau peb lub lis piam ua ntej tus me nyuam, cov nyuj pub mis nrog 100 grams ntawm ammonium chloride thiab 100 grams magnesium sulfate los txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov mis nyuj kub taub hau thiab hypocalcemia. Kev noj zaub mov anionic yuav tsum tau noj thaum kawg ntawm 3 mus rau 4 lub lis piam ntawm lub sijhawm qhuav, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho cov kua mis hauv lub sijhawm tom ntej. lub sijhawm lactation. Anionic ntsev tsis palatable thiab yuav tsum tau tov nrog distiller cov nplej, molasses, thiab lwm yam pub.
3.Vitamin Additives
Vitamin A thiab beta-carotene additives.
Thaum cov straw qhuav siv los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab tsis muaj zaub ntsuab, cov khoom noj uas muaj kuab heev los yog cov zaub mov muaj feem yuav tsis muaj vitamin A rau lub sij hawm cia ntev heev. Beta-carotene tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav lymphocyte. Ntxiv beta-carotene rau cov khoom noj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nyuj thiab txo qis qhov tshwm sim mob qog noj ntshav. Ntxiv 100 mg ntawm beta-carotene rau ib tug nyuj ib hnub twg yuav txo tau cov somatic hlwb nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj.
Vitamin D additive.
Vitamin D tuaj yeem tswj kev nqus ntawm calcium thiab phosphorus. Thaum noj nrog kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab kev noj zaub mov kom siab, cov nyuj muaj qhov tsis muaj vitamin D. Kev muab cov vitamin D3 yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum cov quav nyab qhuav siv los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.
Vitamin E additive.
Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev siv cov vitamin A, thiab nws cov metabolism hauv muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog selenium. Vitamin E tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau mob nqaij dawb.
Choline.
Hauv kev noj zaub mov zoo ntawm nyuj, choline tuaj yeem txo qhov tsim ntawm daim siab rog, txhim kho cov paj hlwb thiab ua raws li methyl pub dawb. Cov nyuj tuaj yeem siv methionine, cobalamin thiab lwm yam khoom siv raw los ua ke choline sab hauv, tab sis tus nqi ntawm choline synthesized tsuas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev ua haujlwm tsawg. Rau high-yielding nyuj nyuj, lub zog tshuav feem ntau tsis zoo nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lactation theem. Lub cev yuav tsum tau siv ntau cov fatty acids dawb los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg adipose los tsim cov lipoproteins los ntawm lub siab, uas yog tom qab ntawd thauj mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub mis rau lactation. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub endogenous synthesis ntawm choline tsis tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub cev, nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm exogenous supplementation.
Nicotinic acid.
Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg tias bovine rumen Cov kab mob tuaj yeem tsim cov nicotinic acid xws li cov vitamins B kom ua tau raws li lawv tus kheej cov kev xav tau ntawm metabolic thiab ntau lawm, thiab feem ntau tsis tas yuav ntxiv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov nce cov kua mis tawm thiab kev ua kom pom tseeb, qhov ntau dhau ntawm leucine, thiab arginine hauv kev noj haus, thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm nicotinic acid thiab tryptophan hauv kev pub noj thaum lub sij hawm noj yuav ua rau tsis muaj nicotinic acid hauv nyuj. Nyob rau hauv cov kev mob hnyav ntau lawm, nicotinic acid yuav tsum tau ntawm cov nyuj uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tau nce thaum ntxov ntawm lactation. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias 6 gram ntawm nicotinic acid yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau txhua tus nyuj yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog rau kev pub mis txhua hnub, thiab lub sijhawm pub mis ntxiv yuav tsum pib ob lub lis piam ua ntej calving los yog ib hlis ua ntej calving, thiab mus txog 120 hnub tom qab calving, cov kua mis tawm. tuaj yeem nce los ntawm 2.3% -11.7% thiab cov mis nyuj tus nqi los ntawm 2.0% -13.7%.
4. MHA
methionine tuaj yeem txhawb nqa rumen zom ntawm cellulose, nce rumen microorganisms thiab acetic acid / propionic acid piv hauv ruminants. Txij li thaum rumen microorganisms tuaj yeem degrade cov amino acids ntxiv, uas analogs nrog qis degradability lossis rumen-tiv thaiv methionine yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov nyuj noj. Methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) decomposes hydroxyl pawg rau hauv cov amino pawg hauv rumen, yog li hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov amino acids kom dhau los ntawm rumen. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias MHA tuaj yeem nce qhov sib piv ntawm acetic acid rau propionic acid hauv kev noj zaub mov tsis muaj fiber ntau. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm methionine nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj, ntshav thiab lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm nyuj supplemented nrog MHA tuaj yeem nce 2-3 zaug, mis nyuj tawm tuaj yeem nce los ntawm 12-18%, thiab qhov hnyav nce ntawm cov nyuj ntxiv nrog MHA tuaj yeem nce los ntawm 11%. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm methionine hydroxyl analogs kuj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm hom kev noj haus thiab qib protein.
5. Kev npaj Enzyme
Kev npaj enzyme tsuas yog siv cov kab mob fermentation los ntawm cov kab mob, fungi, poov xab, thiab lwm yam kab mob los yog nroj tsuag. Los ntawm kev koom nrog cov tshuaj biochemical, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa hydrolysis ntawm cov protein, rog, hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cellulose, txhawb kev zom zaub mov thiab nqus cov khoom noj, txhim kho kev siv cov khoom noj thiab txhawb nqa cov nyuj ntau lawm. Cov enzymes npaj siv nyob rau hauv nyuj yog tsuas yog cellulose-degrading enzymes thiab crude rumen enzymes.