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Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov ntshav lossis cov kua dej interstitial yog hais txog cov tshuaj immunoglobulin uas tsim los ntawm cov hlwb plasma sib txawv ntawm B lymphocytes nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm antigen los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tuaj yeem khi rau cov antigen sib xws.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ua ke nrog antigen (suav nrog cov neeg txawv teb chaws thiab tus kheej), yog li ntawd tshem tawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws xws li cov kab mob me me thiab cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, ua kom cov tshuaj lom uas lawv tso tawm lossis tshem tawm qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej, kom lub cev tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov sib npaug. Tab sis qee zaum nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nuclear, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DNA ob txoj hlua, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thyroglobulin.
Thaum cov kab mob los yog lwm cov protein txawv teb chaws nkag rau tib neeg lub cev, tib neeg lub cev yuav tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib xws los tawm tsam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xws. Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo heev, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj teeb meem.
Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev txhais tau tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau raug rau qee yam antigen , yog li qee yam antibodies tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntshav ncig. Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsis muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav ncig tab sis nyob hauv mucosa. Lub cev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv humoral tsim los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws raug rau cov antigen sib xws . Tom qab tus kab mob lossis cov kab mob kis rau tib neeg lub cev, nws tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam antigens. Cov antigens no tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob paub thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xws. Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv, uas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B saum npoo av tuaj yeem tsim tau tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B. Qhov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tom qab tsim tawm, tib neeg yuav tsis kis kab mob siab B lawm.
Tiamsis qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav tsis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Piv txwv li, tom qab tau txais kab mob siab C, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav ntes tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab C, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tsis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws tsuas yog qhia tau tias ib tus neeg yuav kis tau kab mob siab C. Yog tias nws yog kev kuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau AIDS, nws kuj txhais tau tias tus neeg ntawd kis tau kab mob HIV, vim nws tsis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Thiab nws nyob ntawm tus kab mob tshwj xeeb kom paub seb puas muaj kab mob. Feem ntau, yuav muaj kev kuaj ntshav los ntawm tus kab mob antibody, thiab yog tias tus antigen sib xws tsis muaj, txhais tau tias muaj kev kis kab mob.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntau hauv cov ntshav yuav yog vim muaj ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov ntshav, uas muaj ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog tias hloov pob txha thiab raum thaum lub sijhawm no, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis lees txais ntau dua.
Qee cov neeg mob nrog hyperthyroidism feem ntau ua ke nrog cov qib thyroid autoantibody TPOAb, thiab TGAb. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog hyperthyroidism tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune thyroiditis. Cov kab mob autoimmune uas yuav ua rau kom muaj cov thyroid autoantibodies ntau ntxiv ua rau lub sij hawm ntev diffuse puas tsuaj ntawm cov nqaij cov thyroid. Lub sijhawm no, yog tias tus neeg mob ua tiav cov thyroid xim doppler ultrasound, tuaj yeem sib txawv lossis kab sib chaws zoo li cov qog qog ntshav tuaj yeem pom.
Feem ntau hais lus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav yuav tsis ploj mus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau tsim los ntawm B lymphocytes hauv cov ntshav, thiab B lymphocytes yog tsim los ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv lub cev, thiab lawv nyob hauv qhov sib npaug tas li ntawm kev tsim thiab tuag. Txawm hais tias koj pub ntshav, nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov nyiaj tshuav no.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntau hauv cov ntshav yog ib lo lus dav dav thiab tsis meej. Nws raug nquahu kom mus rau tsev kho mob kom nug tus kws kho mob kom paub cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb txog cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov kab mob tseem ceeb.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog immunoglobulins, tab sis tsis yog txhua yam immunoglobulins yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsuav yog glycoprotein muaj cov qauv antibody, nws yog immunoglobulin. Immunoglobulins yog qhia ua Ig. Nws tau pom tias tib neeg muaj tsib hom immunoglobulins , uas yog IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD thiab IgE.
Tsuas yog peb hom immunoglobulins cuam tshuam nrog pab pawg ntshav, uas yog IgG, IgM thiab IgA. Muaj qhov hu ua "cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj" thiab "cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob" raws li seb puas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim hauv lub cev.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev cov ntshav tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa antigen hu ua "cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj"; cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim tawm hauv cov ntshav tom qab lub cev raug txhawb nqa los ntawm tib yam lossis heterogeneous antigens hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Muaj ob qho kev piav qhia rau kev tsim cov "tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj": ib qho yog tias muaj cov hlwb "antigen-sensitized" hauv lub cev uas tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa antigen; qhov thib ob yog tias "cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj" yog heteroagglutinins. Muaj qee cov tshuaj zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj antigens ntshav hauv ib puag ncig. Tom qab lub cev kov cov tshuaj no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hla-reactive raug tsim tawm. Piv txwv li, qee cov kab mob muaj cov antigens zoo ib yam li A thiab B antigens. Thaum tib neeg nqus lossis nqos cov kab mob no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hla-reactive raug tsim tawm.
"Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj" ua haujlwm nquag nrog lawv cov kab mob antigen sib xws ntawm qhov kub tsawg. Ntau "ntuj tiv thaiv kab mob" tsis ua haujlwm thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 25 ° C. Qee qhov "tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj" muaj lub peev xwm los txuas ntxiv, thaum lwm tus tsis ua. Piv txwv li, feem ntau ntawm Lewis cov pab pawg ntshav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm los sib txuas ntxiv, thaum tiv thaiv M thiab tiv thaiv N tsis ua. "Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm" feem ntau yog IgM immunoglobulins, tab sis qee qhov "cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj" yog IgG immunoglobulins, xws li anti-Lea, anti-M, anti-N, thiab anti-K "natural antibodies" yog IgG.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas lub cev tsim tawm hauv lub xeev hyperimmune tom qab raug txhawb los ntawm tib yam lossis heterogeneous antigen. Kev hloov ntshav thiab cev xeeb tub yog cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alloimmune. Cov neeg uas tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (diphtheria, tetanus antitoxin), thiab cov neeg uas tau siv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub plab npua thiab daim siab tau nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv A thiab anti-B hauv lawv cov ntshav. Qhov no yog ib rooj plaub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv heterologous piv txwv.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob anti-A thiab anti-B txawv ntawm "cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj" ntau txoj kev. Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lawv cov hlwb antigen sib xws tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv cov dej ntsev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav; qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog khi rau (sensitize) lawv cov hlwb antigen sib xws hauv cov dej ntsev, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tiav. Txhawm rau ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tiav thiab lawv cov hlwb antigen sib xws sib sau ua ke, lwm yam xov xwm yuav tsum tau siv, xws li kev kho enzyme ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, lossis kev ncua ntawm cov qe ntshav liab hauv cov kua dej colloidal macromolecular, lossis kev pab ntawm antiglobulin serum. Qhov tseeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiav feem ntau xa mus rau IgM antibodies, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tiav feem ntau yog IgG antibodies. IgA feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov kua dej tso tawm thiab tsis nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov ntshav hom tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Yam khoom uas yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas ua ntej cev xeeb tub yog, kab mob siab A, kab mob siab B tsib yam, kab mob siab C, kab mob siab D, kab mob siab E, mob syphilis, AIDS, mob chlamydia, mycoplasma, kuaj gonococcus sai, lincoccus ntsiav tshuaj, teeb tsa lub siab, ua ntej kuaj RH, kuaj kab mob gynecology + kev kuaj mob leucorrhea niaj hnub, ultrasound ntawm qhov chaw mos B, kuaj chromosome, kuaj phev niaj hnub, kuaj ntshav tas li, kuaj zis tas mus li, thiab ntshav khov.
Yog tias koj muaj ntshav Rh-negative thiab koj cev xeeb tub thawj zaug, koj tsis tas yuav tshee hnyo. Ua ntshav kuaj cev xeeb tub (kuaj ntshav pawg tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob) txij li lub hlis 5 ntawm cev xeeb tub, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub hlis thib 7 thiab 9 ntawm cev xeeb tub, thiab kuaj dua ib nrab xyoo tom qab yug me nyuam.
Tus menyuam thawj zaug tsis tshua muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum cev xeeb tub. Koj tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj Anti-D immunoglobin rau hauv 72 teev tom qab yug menyuam. Yog tias koj tau txhaj tshuaj anti-D immunoglobulin rau thaum cev xeeb tub 26-28 lub lis piam, nws yuav ua tau zoo dua yog tias koj tau txhaj tshuaj ntxiv tom qab yug menyuam.
Anti-D immunoglobulin yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv D tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej txoj cai deev me nyuam thiab txoj cai ntawm kev pub ntshav thiab hloov ntshav. Yog li, nws tsis pom zoo kom tos kom txog thaum tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv D tiv thaiv kab mob, nws nyuaj rau tshem nws, yog li kev tiv thaiv obviates kev ntxhov siab.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj menyuam tsis taus, xws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis taus. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis taus yog kev tsis taus uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv noob qes, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv endometrial, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qe thiab lwm yam. Yog tias koj muaj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, ces mus rau tsev kho mob ib txwm kom kuaj ntxiv.
Muaj ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav uas koj tsis tuaj yeem txhais tau tias zoo lossis phem. Nws raug pom zoo kom mus rau tsev kho mob kom kuaj xyuas tag nrho lub cev tsis tu ncua, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov kab mob uas pom tau raws sijhawm thiaj li kho tau raws sijhawm.
Xav paub ntxiv txog cov antigens thiab cov antibodies? Nyeem txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm FC sawv ntsug thiab cov monoclonal thiab polyclonal antibodies.
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