Nws yog tshuaj tua kab mob, uas yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob aminoglycoside ua ke nrog tshuaj streptomycin, kanamycin thiab gentamicin. Nws yog tsim los ntawm Streptomyces freundii; nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob Gram-positive thiab Gram-negative. Cov khoom feem ntau yog sib xyaw ntawm neomycin B thiab C. Neomycin tau ua tiav kev tiv thaiv kab mob nrog kanamycin thiab ib nrab hla kev tiv thaiv nrog streptomycin; zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tua kab mob, nws muaj nephrotoxicity thiab sab hauv pob ntseg lom, thiab nws qhov kev puas tsuaj rau pob ntseg sab hauv feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau.
Nws tsis tshua muaj nqus tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj. Cov hnyuv mucosa tsis tu ncua tsuas tuaj yeem nqus tau txog 3%, tab sis ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm mucosa nrog mob rwj lossis exfoliation lossis o. Feem ntau nws tau tso tawm nrog cov quav tsis hloov pauv. Neomycin muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog ntawm Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thiab nws qhov kev txwv qis tshaj plaws feem ntau yog 0.5mg/ml. Feem ntau tsis muaj kab mob mycobacteria tiv taus cov khoom no.
Neomicina tseem ua tau zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam gram-negative bacilli xws li Escherichia coliKlebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Brucella, Pasteurella, thiab lwm yam; Neisseria meningitidis thiab Neisseria gonorrhoeae kuj tseem nkag siab cov khoom no.
Neomicina muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm Staphylococcus thiab lwm yam gram-positive cocci. Txhua pawg streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa thiab cov kab mob anaerobic tiv taus cov khoom no. Neomycin feem ntau khi rau 30S subunit ntawm cov kab mob ribosomes thiab txwv tsis pub cov protein sib sau ua ke. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem yooj yim txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tom qab tiv tauj nrog neomycin. Daim ntawv thov ua ke ntawm neomycin thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob lossis tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem txo lossis ncua kev txhim kho tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov khoom yog dawb lossis yuav luag dawb hmoov.
Kev nqus ntawm qhov ncauj tsis zoo, thiab xav tau kev tswj ntshav qab zib. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nws tau faib sai rau lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Ntawm lawv, daim siab thiab lub raum muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws, uas tau tsom mus rau hauv cov cell nucleated thiab siab hauv cov qe ntshav dawb. Cov khoom no tsis yooj yim nkag mus rau lub teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb, yog li nws tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov kua dej hauv lub paj hlwb: cov khoom tau hloov pauv me me, 12% mus rau 25 hauv 24 teev% yog tawm los ntawm ob lub raum, thiab 50% ～ 90% yog tawm hauv bile ua. Txij li cov khoom raug tso tawm qeeb los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, tshem tawm cov ntshav ib nrab ntawm lub neej yog ntev, txog 36h.
Kev npaj ua ntej phais nyuv, raws li kev kho mob ntxiv thaum lub cev tsis nco qab. Neomicina tsis tsim nyog rau kev kho mob sib kis. Cov khoom no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Neomycin yog ib qho aminoglycosides broad-spectrum tshuaj tua kab mob, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo, cov kab mob zoo thiab tubercle bacilli. Nws yog qhov rhiab tshaj plaws rau Escherichia coli, thiab tseem nkag siab rau Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis, Diphtheria, Aerogenes, Proteus thiab Shigella, thiab tsis nkag siab Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom no thiab streptomycin, kanamycin thiab gentamicin. Vim yog qhov tshuaj lom tshuaj lom ntawm cov khoom no, nws feem ntau tsis siv los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab tsuas yog siv rau qhov ncauj thiab siv tshuaj.
Nws muaj qhov nqus me me ntawm qhov ncauj thiab tuaj yeem siv los kho mob raws plab. Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev mob raws plab los ntawm E. coli. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tshuaj rau ua ntej phais plab thiab hnyuv. Daim ntawv thov tshuaj pleev kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov kab mob ua paug xws li mob hauv qhov txhab, rwj, mob txhab thiab kub hnyiab los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab. Nws yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob nrog tsawg dua nqus ntawm lub plab. Nws tuaj yeem siv los txwv qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov hnyuv hauv lub cev, txo cov tshuaj ammonia thiab ntshav ammonia. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob ntawm ammonia lom.
Cov khoom no tsis tshua muaj nqus rau hauv txoj hnyuv, yog li cov kev mob plab zom mov tuaj yeem tshwm sim, xws li tsis qab los noj mov, xeev siab thiab nce quav ntau zaus, hnov tsis hnov lus, tinnitus, lossis puv pob ntseg (ototoxicity); taug kev tsis txaus, kiv taub hau, lossis taug kev tsis ruaj khov (ototoxicity, cuam tshuam rau lub vestibule); txo qis cov zis los yog nquag tso zis, lossis nqhis dej heev (Nephrotoxicity).
Kev mloog yuav tsum tau them thaum cov xwm txheej hauv qab no tseem nyob: qhov khaus qhov ncauj lossis perianal lossis mob, xeev siab lossis ntuav tshwm sim ntau zaus; raws plab los yog cov xim ua rau cov quav tsw tsw ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, lossis cov pa tawm ntau (malabsorption syndrome), tawm pob tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua tau. ua rau lub raum thiab hnov lus tsis zoo, ua rau lub plab zom mov tsis zoo, tsis qab los, xeev siab, ntuav, thiab lwm yam.
Cov koob tshuaj loj yuav ua rau pom cov tsos mob neurotoxicity thiab ua pa nyuaj siab. Ntawm cov aminoglycosides, cov khoom no muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog neuromuscular sib cuam tshuam, thiab ntau tus neeg mob tau raug kev nyuaj siab nyuaj siab ua pa lossis txawm tuag rau nws. Ototoxicity ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem nrog nephrotoxicity, thiab ob qho feem ntau tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm.
Kev puas tsuaj hauv pob ntseg pib zoo li lub suab tsis hnov lus zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd sai sai mus rau kev lag ntseg. Vestibular tsis ua haujlwm tsuas yog pom thaum hnov lus tsis zoo tib lub sijhawm. Sab hauv pob ntseg puas tas mus li. Cov nyhuv nephrotoxic ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj nrog cov protein ntawm lub raum tubular cells. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim yog cov proteinuria me me, necrosis ntawm lub raum tubular epithelial cells, pov, txo cov nqaij tshem tawm thiab oliguria. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem txhim kho mus rau qhov mob necrosis ntawm lub raum tubular epithelial cells.
Nws tuaj yeem ua rau malabsorption syndrome thiab steatorrhea thaum noj qhov ncauj. Thaum siv neomycin hauv zos, 6-8% ntawm cov neeg mob tau ua xua (feem ntau yog ua pob liab vog). Cov neeg mob uas ua xua rau cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam hla thaum siv lwm yam aminoglycosides. Kev hnov pob ntseg feem ntau tshwm sim thaum kho neomycin. Txawm tias cov neeg uas lub raum ua haujlwm ib txwm tuaj yeem hnov hnov tsis hnov lus tom qab siv 0.5% neomycin daws. Ntawm cov neeg mob kho nrog neomycin, cov zis tso zis tsis zoo thiab azotemia feem ntau. Tom qab ntxuav lub qhov txhab lossis kab noj hniav nrog neomycin kev daws teeb meem, kev sib txuas neuromuscular nrog ua pa tuag tes tuag taw kuj tau tshwm sim. Ua ntawv thov neomycin rau thaj tsam loj ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis raug mob tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis haum.
Neomycin tsis tshua muaj nqus los ntawm kev tswj qhov ncauj (kwv yees li 3%), tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ntev qhov ncauj ntawm cov tshuaj loj tau muab, ntau npaum li cas tseem tuaj yeem nqus tau thaum cov hnyuv mucosa muaj qhov txhab lossis mob. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub raum ua haujlwm poob qis, cov ntshav cov ntshav tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, feem ntau ntawm lawv raug tso tawm nrog cov quav tsis hloov pauv.
Cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob hauv lub plab uas tau noj cov khoom ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm lossis noj lwm yam tshuaj ototoxic lossis nephrotoxic yuav tsum tseem ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov ua tau ntawm nephrotoxic lossis ototoxic cov tsos mob. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg txog kev nyab xeeb siv cov khoom no hauv cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yug tshiab, yog li nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum siv cov khoom no nrog ceev faj. Cov poj niam pub niam mis yuav tsum tsum tsis pub niam mis thaum noj tshuaj. Cov neeg mob laus yuav tsum siv cov khoom no nrog ceev faj.
Neomycin qhov muag dauv yog ua los ntawm prednisolone acetate, neomycin sulfate hmoov, polymyxin sulfate thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw. Nws tuaj yeem kho kab mob qhov muag uas xav tau kev kho mob hnyav, xws li mob sib kis tsis sib xws, mob ntshav qab zib, mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav, tsis mob herpetic keratitis, dacryocystitis, tom qab phais qhov muag thiab tshem tawm lub cev txawv teb chaws, tshuaj lom los yog kub hnyiab, puas, tawv nqaij lossis lwm yam kev raug mob ntawm lub qhov muag. .
Neomycin sulfate qhov muag poob tsis tshua muaj nqus mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg qhov muag lossis cov ntshav ncig tom qab tso. Cov khoom no yog tsim rau Conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, keratitis, blepharitis, meibomian adenitis tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob gram-negative bacilli xws li methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus thiab coagulase-negative staphylococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus me me, , lwm yam
Cov khoom no yuav tsum tsis txhob txhaj ncaj qha rau hauv qab lub qhov muag sib txuas lossis nkag mus rau hauv chav hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov muag. Tsis txhob kov lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub raj mis. Ceev lub hau tom qab siv kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj sib kis.
Kev siv sijhawm ntev steroids hauv lub qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau nce siab hauv siab thiab ua rau lub qhov muag tsis pom kev, thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsim cov posterior subcapsular cataracts. Nws raug nquahu kom ntsuas lub siab hauv siab ntau zaus thaum siv tshuaj. Kev siv cov tshuaj corticosteroids ntev hauv lub qhov muag kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg qis. Kev siv ntawm steroids hauv cov neeg mob uas ua rau lub qhov muag qis los yog lub qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag tawg.
Steroids yog lo lus dav dav rau chav kawm loj ntawm cyclopentyl fused perhydrophenanthrene derivatives tau nthuav dav dav hauv ntiaj teb kev lom neeg. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tsis muaj cov roj fatty acids uas khi thiab tsis yog lipids uas tsis yog saponifiable; cov sib xyaw no yog cov tshuaj isoprenoid, uas tau tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm triterpenoids thiab tom qab ntawd dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev thiab hloov kho tshuaj.
Steroids suav nrog sterols (xws li cov roj (cholesterol), lanosterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol), cov kua tsib thiab cov kua tsib, cov tshuaj steroid (xws li adrenal cortex hormones, androgens, estrogen), kab ecdysone, Cardiac glycosides, saponins, thiab toad lom. Ib qho ntxiv, muaj cov tshuaj steroid hluavtaws xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kabmob (prednisone, dexamethasone), tshuaj steroid uas txhawb nqa kev sib txuas protein, thiab kev tiv thaiv qhov ncauj. Anabolic steroids zoo ib yam li hluavtaws Androgenic hormone. Lawv yog chav kawm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke zoo ib yam hauv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm rau tib neeg txiv neej cov tshuaj hormone testosterone.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 27, 2017, cov npe kab mob qog noj ntshav tau luam tawm los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Mob Nkeeg ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (World Health Organization) tau npaj ua ntej ua ntej rau kev siv. Androgen (anabolic) steroids nyob hauv cov npe ntawm qeb 2A carcinogens.
Kev siv cov tshuaj mus ntev yuav ua rau muaj cov kab mob tsis nkag siab ntau dhau. Yog tias muaj kab mob ob zaug tshwm sim, cov tshuaj yuav tsum raug tso tseg thiab yuav tsum tau kho sai sai. Yog tias mob qhov muag o tshwm sim tom qab siv tshuaj ntev, yuav muaj peev xwm kis tus kab mob corneal fungal yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Kev thov tshuaj corticosteroids tuaj yeem ncua qhov txhab zoo.
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw neomycin tshuaj pleev yog neomycin thiab bacitracin. Tshuaj pleev Neomycin belongs rau chav kawm tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov kab mob rhiab uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog lossis kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kab mob kis rau ntawm qhov txhab thiab kub hnyiab, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem ntawm neomycin tuaj yeem ua rau mob nephrotoxicity hnyav thiab ototoxicity, thiab kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem ntawm bacitracin tuaj yeem ua rau mob nephrotoxicity hnyav, yog li ob qho tib si raug txwv rau daim ntawv thov tshuaj. Cov khoom yog lub teeb daj lossis xim daj, siv rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij xws li impetigo tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab thiab kab mob kis rau ntawm qhov kub hnyiab thiab mob txhab.
Yog tias lub raum tsis ua haujlwm lossis siv cov txheej txheem ntawm lwm cov tshuaj nephrotoxic lossis tshuaj lom, ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj tshuaj lom. Piv txwv li, tej zaum yuav muaj cov tsos mob uremic xws li txo qis tso zis, txo qis lossis tso zis ntau ntxiv, hnov tsis hnov lus lossis tinnitus. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tu tus kheej thaum siv tshuaj thiab ua kom thaj chaw huv thiab qhuav.
Neomycin thiab tshuaj streptomycin yog ob qho tshuaj tua kab mob aminoglycoside. Neomycin tau siv dav, thiab nws yog siv rau mob plab zom mov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov kev phiv los ntawm neomycin thiab nws cov tshuaj sib cuam tshuam.
BALLYA muab a neomycin-streptomycin-gentamicin-combo-test-kit qhia rau koj yog tias muaj neomycin, streptomycin thiab gentamicin seem hauv cov khoom siv mis uas koj noj txhua hnub.
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