Koj puas paub Qhov zais ntawm Calcium thiab Kab Mob Mis Nyuj?

Nyuj nyuj xav tau calcium ntau los tswj lawv lub neej thiab tsim khoom. Calcium yog ze ze rau cov kab mob nyuj.

Calcium muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qab no hauv cov nyuj: nws tsim cov pob txha thiab cov hniav ua ke nrog phosphorus; tswj cov hlab ntsha excitability; muaj feem xyuam rau cov leeg nqaij; koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem hemagglutination thiab muaj cov nyhuv hemostatic; yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cell coagulation, uas tuaj yeem txo cov hlab ntsha permeability; thiab txhawb nqa pais plab kua txiv kua txiv.

1. Calcium (Cov ntsiab lus thiab Dynamics) hauv nyuj

Cov neeg laus muaj txog 10 kg ntawm calcium, uas ntau tshaj 99% yog faib rau hauv cov pob txha thiab cov hniav, thiab cov seem yog yaj nyob rau hauv lub cev kua. Ib nrab ntawm cov calcium hauv cov ntshav koom nrog cov haujlwm no hauv daim ntawv ntawm ions, thaum lwm qhov ib nrab khi rau cov protein. Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus calcium hauv cov ntshav tsawg dua me ntsis, nws tsis tas yuav ua rau tuag tes tuag taw tom qab yug menyuam. Yog tias muaj mob tuag tes tuag taw tom qab yug me nyuam, cov tshuaj calcium hauv cov ntshav yuav tsis raug txo kom raug. Qhov teeb meem no yog daws tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev kho cov ntshav cov protein ntau.

Calcium yuav tsum tau: cov neeg laus nyuj excrete txog 10 g ntawm calcium ib hnub twg, uas yog tsuas yog tawm los ntawm quav. Calcium nyob rau hauv cov zis yog tsawg dua 1 g ib hnub twg. Calcium yog qee zaus tawm ntawm lub cev tsis pom kev. Feem ntau, txog 1.2 g ntawm calcium muaj nyob rau hauv txhua kilogram ntawm mis nyuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, 10 g ntawm calcium yog xav tau txhua hnub thaum lig cev xeeb tub vim qhov kev xav tau ntawm fetus.

Lub cev tseem ceeb calcium yog tau los ntawm cov pub, uas yog absorbed tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me thiab nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem ntawm lub duodenum thiab jejunum. Muaj ob hom kev nqus: kev nqus dej los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom tshwj xeeb thiab kev nqus nqus los ntawm ion diffusion. Active absorption feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub duodenum, thiab nws efficiency yog ntau dua; passive absorption feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ileum, thiab nws efficiency yog qis dua.

Cov nyuj nqus cov calcium tsawg los ntawm lawv cov khoom noj. Hauv kev lactation ntau, 1.6 g ntawm calcium yog xav tau rau txhua 1 kg mis nyuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, 10 g ntawm calcium yog xav tau txhua hnub rau kev xav tau ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub vim kev co. Lub sijhawm no, cov nyuj yuav tsis muaj calcium. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntshav calcium concentration. Nws yuav tsum tau them nyiaj los ntawm osteolysis. Feem ntau, kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov pob txha calcium tuaj yeem siv tau. Yog hais tias calcium nyob rau hauv cov pob txha yog 10 kg, cov calcium uas muaj yog 2.5 kg. Yog li ntawd cov pob txha yog ib tug reservoir ntawm calcium. Calcium metabolism ntawm nyuj nyuj yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis zoo tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm lub ncov ntawm lactation, yog li nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv calcium.

2. Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau kev nqus calcium

Calcium yuav tsum tau yaj ua ntej nws tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm nyuj. Insoluble calcium ntsev xws li calcium carbonate thiab calcium phosphate tuaj yeem ua calcium soluble nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm gastric acid (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrochloric acid secreted los ntawm qhov tseeb. plab). Kev sim qhia tias calcium lactate absorbed zoo vim nws cov dej solubility. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias insoluble calcium ntsev xws li calcium carbonate thiab calcium phosphate tuaj yeem nqus tau zoo tsuas yog tom qab lawv yaj hauv dej hauv plab. Muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam calcium nqus. Cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam tau teev tseg hauv Table 1.

Table 1 Yam Tseem Ceeb cuam tshuam rau Calcium Absorption

Los ntawm Table 1, nws tuaj yeem pom tias qhov nqus ntawm calcium nyob ntawm thawj qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm nyuj, hnub nyoog thiab qhov xav tau ntawm calcium rau nyuj. (Calcium yuav tsum tau sib txawv nyob rau hauv ntau theem kev loj hlob) thiab seb cov calcium txaus txaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hauv qab no tseem ceeb heev.

2.1 vitamin D.
Txawm hais tias VD yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los txhawb kev nqus calcium, cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem ua nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum nws ua ncaj qha rau ntawm txoj hnyuv raws li tus qauv. Nws yuav siv sij hawm 15 teev los pub VD rau cov tsiaj nyeg. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov khoom no yuav tsum yog los ntawm lub physiological lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub siab thiab lub raum, mus rau hauv active VD3 ua ntej nws yuav ua tau hauj lwm.

VD3 ua lub luag haujlwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa biosynthesis ntawm calcium-binding proteins.

2.2 Parathyroid hormone. 
Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev ua kom VD hauv lub raum, yog li txhawb kev nqus ntawm calcium. Thaum cov tshuaj hormones tsis txaus, VD3 yuav tsum tau siv los them nyiaj.

2.3 Calcitonin Cov. 

Nws tuaj yeem inhibit qhov nqus ntawm calcium hauv cov hnyuv, thiab tseem inhibit qhov ua kom VD.

2.4 Lactose.
Amino Acids Lactose txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm calcium, uas yog tshwm sim hauv cov hnyuv nyob deb xws li ileum. Lactose tsis tsuas yog txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm calcium, tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam divalent ions xws li Mg ++. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lactose thiab Ca tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov permeability ntawm plab hnyuv mucosa, tiv thaiv cov nag lossis daus ntawm yaj Ca thiab insoluble CaC03 hauv plab hnyuv, kom cov concentration ntawm Ca ++ hauv. txoj hnyuv tuaj yeem khaws cia rau qee yam; Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws kuj muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm Ca ++ kis tau tus mob hauv plab hnyuv.

Xylose, sorbitol, thiab mannitol kuj muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa calcium nqus, tab sis cov piam thaj thiab galactose tsis muaj cov haujlwm zoo li no.

Amino acids txhawb kev nqus calcium xws li lysine, methionine, alginic acid, tryptophan, thiab leucine, ntawm cov lysine muaj zog tshaj plaws. Nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ileum, tab sis glycine tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li no.

Cov tshuaj no tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tag nrho yam tsis tau muab qhov ncauj thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lawv lub luag haujlwm.

2.5 Nws. 
Qhov ntau ntau rog Hauv cov khoom noj tuaj yeem txo qhov nqus ntawm Ca, tab sis cov roj me me tuaj yeem txhawb kev nqus ntawm Ca. Tsis tas li ntawd, rog zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev nqus calcium.

3.Calcium-hais kab mob

Cov kab mob uas muaj calcium muaj ntau heev, xws li kab mob ko taw thiab limb, anterior gastric flaccidity, yogurt kab mob, hypothermia thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau yog cov neeg tuag tes tuag taw tom qab yug me nyuam, uas muaj cov calcium uas tsis txaus, thiab chondroitin, uas yog cov tsis muaj calcium uas nyob ntev.

Cov tsos mob ntawm Calcium Deficiency hauv Mis nyuj: Kev nyuaj siab pib, me ntsis hypothermia, molars. Poob qab los noj mov, txo rummination, tsis muaj zog, txo mis nyuj ntau lawm. Ntev ntev txaus siab, nyuaj rau sawv ntsug, alternate taw thaum sawv, tsis muaj zog co hind lub cev, qeeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ceev faj txav, tsis ruaj khov gait, nqaij tshee. Qee lub sij hawm nyuj zoo siab, manic, hu nkauj thiab ntsia. Kev tuag tes tuag taw tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis pub dhau ob peb teev ntawm cov tsos mob.

3.1 Postpartum paralysis.  
Tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim ua ntej thiab tom qab yug me nyuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sai tom qab yug me nyuam. Kev tuag tes tuag taw tom qab yug me nyuam tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis yog los ntawm kev tsis muaj calcium hauv cov nyuj xwb tab sis kuj los ntawm kev hloov pauv sai ntawm calcium tshuav los ntawm kev yug menyuam thiab lactation.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag tes tuag taw yog kho los ntawm qhov ncauj calcium supplementation thiab intravenous calcium supplementation, tab sis ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov calcium supplementation yuav tsum tau txhaj maj mam.

Hauv cov nyuj uas muaj tus kab mob tuag tes tuag taw tom qab yug me nyuam, cov ntshav calcium tsis yog tsuas yog txo, tab sis kuj phosphorus feem ntau txo. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus calcium, qib ntawm phosphorus feem ntau tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau qhov qub, tab sis qee qhov tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los. Lub sijhawm no, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev npaj phosphorus yuav tsum xav txog. Yog tias kho tau zoo, tus nyuj mob tuaj yeem sawv hauv 30-60 feeb.

3.2 Kev Tiv Thaiv

3.2.1 Ua kom lub plab zom mov zoo ua ntej thiab tom qab yug me nyuam kom nce calcium nqus los yog txo cov ntsiab lus calcium.

3.2.2 yooj yim-rau-nqus calcium pub (xws li calcium chloride) yog pub ua ntej thiab tom qab yug me nyuam.

3.2.3 Pub acidic pub nyob rau hauv 5 lub lis piam ua ntej tus me nyuam.

3.2.4 Noj cov zaub mov uas tsis muaj calcium tsis pub dhau 2 lub lis piam ua ntej tus me nyuam.

3.2.5 Muab vitamin D, 1.5 lab IU ib zaug lossis 500,000 IU intramuscularly. Muab lub complex etiology ntawm tus kab mob, nyuj nrog recurrent rov yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.

3.3 Chondrosis    
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob yog nyuaj rau sawv ntsug, nruj txav, tawv nqaij tawv, me ntsis lameness, thiab yooj yim puas tom qab ntog. Hemochemical tsom xam: tshuaj thaiv ntshav, hypophosphatemia, qhov txo qis ntawm CaxP, nce ntawm alkaline phosphatase, txo qis ntawm cov calcium hauv cov ntshav los yog qhov qub, tab sis qhov txo qis ntawm CaxP cov khoom tau pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua kis.

Muaj ntau ntau yam ua rau chondrosis, tab sis muaj cov hauv qab no:

3.3.1 VD deficiency: Qhov no yog suav tias yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb.

3.3.2 Ca deficiency: Calcium deficiency nyob rau hauv pub los yog qaug zog nqus muaj peev xwm ntawm cov mis nyuj nyuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv loj npaum li cas ntawm lactation.

3.3.3 P deficiency: Ib txhia ntseeg tias phosphorus deficiency muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua tsis muaj calcium.

3.3.4 Qhov tsis zoo Ca:P piv: Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg loj ntawm calcium thiab phosphorus piv yog qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob. Tshaj P yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau Ca absorption barrier.

Tus kab mob yuav tsum tau kho raws li nws etiology. Ca thiab P yuav tsum tau ntxiv ua ntej, ua raws li VD. Ca thiab P yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tom qab paub tseeb tias qhov twg thiab feem ntawm qhov tsis txaus. VD feem ntau siv 1-2 lab IU ntawm qhov ncauj lossis 500 000 IU intramuscularly.

4.Categories thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm calcium npaj

Calcium npaj tau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li lawv cov khoom: ntshiab thiab compound; thiab txhaj tshuaj, hmoov, thiab granule tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg raws li lawv cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum. Table 2 teev cov raw cov ntaub ntawv rau kev npaj cov tshuaj calcium tsiaj.

Hauv kev siv cov calcium npaj, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam sib txawv (xws li cov khoom xyaw, yam ntxwv, qhov zoo, thiab qhov tsis zoo), thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas thiab ntau yam uas haum rau cov xwm txheej ntxiv yuav tsum raug xaiv kom deb li deb tau. Xav txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam, qhov nqus ntawm calcium raws li ib qho sib ntxiv yog xam li 70%. Cov dej-soluble calcium yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog muab thaum lub plab zom mov ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

Rau Dutch mis nyuj nyuj, tus nqi ntawm calcium khaws cia yuav raug xam raws li 10g / taub hau ib hnub twg, thiab 1.6g calcium ntxiv rau txhua kg ntawm mis nyuj.

Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias calcium yog qhov yooj yim heev kom tsis txaus txij thaum yug menyuam mus txog lub sijhawm lactation ntawm cov nyuj mis nyuj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vitamin D, phosphorus thiab vitamin A (cov ntsiab lus ntawm vitamin A hauv colostrum yog 5-10 npaug siab dua li cov mis nyuj ib txwm muaj) feem ntau nrog rau lub sijhawm no, uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau.