I. Chav xa khoom hauv cov tiaj nyom loj
1. Cov Chaw Kho Vajtse
Cov chav xa khoom tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau thaj chaw loj. Rau cov nyom qub nrog kev tsim khoom tsim nyog, kev pub zaub mov noj yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 80% los ntawm kev suav qhov chaw pub mis ntawm txhua tus nyuj hauv chav xa khoom rau ib lub lim tiam. Txog qhov tsim tshiab huab hwm coj calving pastures, peb tseem yuav tsum sim peb qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tau raws li qhov chaw xa khoom qhov chaw. Peb yuav tsum ua kom tiav kev tsim kho ntawm chav xa khoom ua ntej calving ntau lawm.
2. lav kev tswj hwm ntawm chav xa khoom
Cov neeg ua haujlwm txaus, pab yug menyuam, cov mis nyuj, menyuam nyuj thiab cov kws kho tsiaj hauv chav xa khoom yuav tsum koom tes. Ua qhov kev qhia tsim nyog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chav xa khoom kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj peev xwm rau lawv txoj haujlwm. Lub caij yug menyuam yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias tib neeg yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm tsis pub dhau 24 teev.
3. lav qhov kev nplij siab ntawm chav xa khoom thiab ntsuas nws.
Teeb tsa tus menyuam tsim cov kem rau ib leeg-kab noj. Chav xa khoom yuav tsum nyob ntsiag to thiab xis nyob kom tsis txhob muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab hem rau nyuj. Tso lub txaj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nplij siab, thiab tuab tsis tsawg dua 15 cm. Cov nyom nyom yuav tsum tau hloov tas li thiab tsuag tshuaj tua kab mob txhua hnub kom txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm puerperal kab mob. Ua kom muaj cua nkag tau zoo thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov mis nyuj muaj txaus thiab noj tshiab thiab dej haus. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau nruab nrog cov cua sov. Haus dej sov hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab ntxuav cov tso tsheb hlau luam txhua hnub.
Ⅱ Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm chav xa khoom
1. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev xa khoom hauv chav
(1) Teeb tsa tus menyuam tsim kab (tsawg kawg 9㎡) thiab tsa nws hauv ib kab. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias ntau dua 90% ntawm cov nyuj mis nyuj tsim cov menyuam hauv cov menyuam yaus.
(2) Ua kom muaj kev nplij siab ntawm chav xa khoom, muab cov khoom tshiab txaus TMR noj thiab haus dej, tuaj yeem haus dej sov hauv lub caij ntuj no; tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab cuam tshuam. Hloov sijhawm ntawm cov txaj thiab ntaub pua chaw, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tu ncua, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyiam huv ntawm chav yug.
(3) Ua txoj haujlwm zoo ntawm kev tswj chav xa khoom, muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 24 teev nyob rau lub caij menyuam, thiab saib xyuas nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo kom ntseeg tau tias chav xa khoom ua haujlwm tau zoo.
(4) Qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim ntau dua 80%, thiab tus neeg pab tus nqi tsawg dua 15%, ntawm qhov kev pab tus nqi yug menyuam nyuj thawj zaug tsawg dua 20%, thiab cov nyuj yug menyuam tsawg dua 10%.
(5) 24-teev tus ciaj sia ntawm tus menyuam nyuj ntau dua 95%, ntawm tus nyuj ntawm ntau tus nyuj ntau dua 97%, thiab nyuj ntawm cov nyuj yug thawj zaug tau ntau dua 92%.
(6) Kev faib ua feem ntawm kev raug mob ntawm lub tsev menyuam tau tsawg dua 15% hauv cov nyuj yug los thawj zaug thiab tsawg dua 10% hauv kev yug menyuam nyuj.
(7) Lub hom phiaj mob ntawm kev tso menyuam hauv plab tsawg dua 5%, thiab tus qauv tswj tau tsawg dua 10% (12 teev tom qab xa khoom).
2. Hloov qhov system
Txhawm rau txo kev ntxhov siab, hloov mus rau chav xa khoom tsawg kawg tsib hnub ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus nyuj xa hauv chav xa khoom. Ntawm qhov one tes, raws li hnub xav tau ntawm kev xa khoom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov nyuj ntxov ntxov los ntawm kev xa cov nyuj hauv lub cev, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas tus nyuj hauv lub cev ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub thiab nrhiav cov nyuj nrog cov cim ntawm kev xa khoom sai li sai tau. Cov cim ntawm cov nyuj mis nyuj uas yuav yug: nyuj tshee tshee, nyob tsis tswm, ncig, nquag tso zis; qhov chaw mos o, txias hnoos, muaj zog txav tau; mis o, ua kom zoo, puv colostrum; qoj ib ce so, sagittal so, tail yooj. Thaum tig pab tsiaj, peb yuav tsum ua siab ntev kom tsis txhob nyuj poob.
Tsawg kawg 24 teev ntawm kev saib xyuas tom qab yug me nyuam hauv chav xa khoom, ua tiav cov txheej txheem saib xyuas hauv chav yug menyuam, thiab lub tsho me nyuam yuav tsum tau tso tawm ua ntej yuav xa mus rau tom hav zoov tshiab.
III. Kev Tswj Tus Menyuam
1. Kev saib xyuas kev xa khoom
Muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm rau 24 teev. Cov kws pab yug menyuam yuav tsum soj ntsuam thiab tshuaj xyuas cov nyuj tsis pub dhau 5 txog 10 metres hauv lub sijhawm, lossis hu xov tooj saib cov vis dis aus saib txhua lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab daws qhov teeb meem txawv txav hauv lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, rau nyuj nrog cov cim ntawm dystocia kev, kev ntsuas cuam tshuam raws sijhawm yuav tsum tau ua. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas tus nyuj tus cwj pwm, cov cim ntawm kev xa khoom thiab txheej txheem xa khoom, yam tsawg kawg ib nrab teev mus rau qhov xwm txheej. Ntsuam xyuas tus menyuam hauv plab thaum ntxov ntawm kev yug menyuam thiab kho nws yog tias tsim nyog. Txo kev cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub suab nrov ntawm cov tshuab loj, thiab zam kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam.
2. Mob siab rau yug me nyuam mis nyuj ntuj
Peb yuav tsum hais kom lub ntuj xa cov mis nyuj thiab tswj tus pab tus nqi tsawg dua 15%. Ntawm lawv, tus pab tus nqi yug nyuj thawj zaug tsawg dua 20%, thiab tus nyuj yug menyuam tsawg dua 10%.
3. Lub sijhawm yug menyuam tsis tu ncua
Kev nyob hauv kev xa khoom ntuj tsis txhais tau tias tso tseg. Ntsuam xyuas tus menyuam hauv plab thaum ntxov ntawm tus menyuam kom pom tias txoj haujlwm menyuam hauv plab yog li qub. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov nyuj uas tam sim ntawd nres kev xa khoom lossis tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab yug menyuam thaum tsim nyog.
Txoj cai kub ntawm kev yug menyuam yog: (1) amniotic kua tawg rau 2 teev ua ntej xa khoom; (2) tsis muaj kev vam meej tom qab hneev taw raug nthuav tawm rau 20 feeb; (3) tus nplaig ntawm cov menyuam mos liab liab. Thaum pom ib qho ntawm peb qhov xwm txheej no pom, kev yug menyuam hauv plab tau tam sim ntawd.
4. Txheem midwifery ptxhuam
(1) Txhawm rau ua txoj haujlwm zoo ntawm kev tua kab mob, nruj nruj tua kab mob ntawm cov twj, thoob, cov menyuam yug menyuam, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Ntxuav lub cev tom qab ntawm tus nyuj thiab tua kab mob.
(3) Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso cov nyuj.
(4) Kev yug menyuam tom qab qhov kev npau taws ntawm nyuj thiab txwv;
(5) Kev kuaj mob ntawm lub tsev menyuam raug mob. Yog tias muaj kev raug mob ntawm cev xeeb tub, yaug nrog cov dej uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob li 10 feeb, thiab xaws yog tsim nyog.
5. Cov teeb meem xav tau kev saib xyuas hauv Midwifery
Tshuaj tua kab mob:
Nws yuav tsum ua tiav. Midwifery yuav tsum tau ntub thiab tsis muaj menyuam, thiab cov cuab yeej yug menyuam tau ntxuav thiab tsis muaj menyuam. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav cov hnab looj tes ntev uas siv tas pov tseg thiab tshuaj tsuag tshuaj tua kab mob.
Roj nplua nyeem:
Siv cov roj nplua nyeem los txo kev sib txhuam thiab zam kev puas tsuaj. Qhov ntau roj nplua nyeem, zoo dua.
Ua tib zoo siv kev yug menyuam:
Zam kev yug menyuam nrog lub zog rub ntau dua 95 kg kom deb li sai tau. Siv ob txoj hlua rau cov hlua nyuj. Los ntawm tus tsiaj lub cev, qhov tsim nyog yug menyuam tawm dag zog yog 70 kg txog 95 kg, thiab qhov rub tawm los ntawm ob tus neeg yog txaus. Kev yug menyuam hauv plab tuaj yeem muab 680 kg rau 910 kg ntawm qhov nruj los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab ntau dua 270 kg ntawm qhov nro tuaj yeem ua rau pob txha pob txha pob txha puas.
Kev tshawb fawb siv oxytocin:
Nws yuav tsum tau txhaj tom qab qhib qhov qhib ntawm cov kwj dej yug menyuam. Qhov koob tshuaj ib txwm muaj (30-50IU), txwv tsis pub txwv ntau dhau, txwv tsis pub txwv qhov tso tawm ntawm endogenous oxytocin. Txhaj tshuaj ntau zaus.
Ua cov ntaub ntawv calving:
Teem ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb kom sau tus naj npawb ntawm cov nyuj, lub sijhawm yug menyuam, kev nyuaj me nyuam, kev sib deev me me thiab qhov loj me, kev yug menyuam ntxov, xwm txheej kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam thiab seb puas yuav khaws cia, lub sij hawm tso me nyuam tawm thiab seb lub tsev me nyuam puas txaus. Tshwj xeeb yog calving nyuaj.
IV. Kev saib xyuas neeg mob hauv chav yug menyuam
1. Ua raws li kev mob plab tom qab yug menyuam thiab tiv thaiv kev mob rau kev kawm txuj ci kho cov nyuj nrog kev raug mob ntawm lub tsev menyuam.
Kev yug menyuam tom qab yug menyuam thiab tiv thaiv kev mob tau muab rau cov menyuam yug thawj zaug thiab nyuj nrog dystocia, yug menyuam, tseem yug menyuam, menyuam ntxaib, raug mob hauv plab, kub cev, thiab mob hnyav. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis-steroidal ntev tau txhaj nrog ib rab koob.
Nyuj uas raug mob ntawm lub cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau kho lub sijhawm. Yog tias tsim nyog, lawv yuav tsum tau kho thiab kho hauv zos. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntev thiab cov tshuaj tsis-steroidal anti-inflammatory yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv.
2. Cov tshuaj tov tshuaj ntxiv
Tom qab yug me nyuam siv "Yimu Health Soup" thiab lwm yam dej qab zib los yog kua zaub mov tuaj yeem ntxiv cov as -ham, rov ua kom lub cev muaj zog, tiv thaiv thiab kho kab mob metabolic.
3. Kev tshawb fawb calcium ntxiv
Cov ntshav calcium theem ntawm cov nyuj mis nyuj txuas ntxiv txo qis tom qab xa khoom, mus txog qib qis tshaj li 2 hnub tom qab xa khoom. Yog li ntawd, cov ntshav calcium qib ntawm cov mis nyuj tau raug tshuaj xyuas, thiab tshawb fawb calcium ntxiv, ntxiv cov calcium ntxiv rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab ntxiv cov calcium ntxiv rau cov nyuj tom qab yug menyuam. Bowei calcium tau muab tshuaj rau ntawm 0 h thiab 12 h tom qab yug me nyuam los tiv thaiv kev kub taub hau.
4. Txhawb nqa qhov tso tawm ntawm txoj hlab ntaws
Tsawg kawg yog 1000IU vitamin E tau ntxiv los ntawm kev noj zaub mov txhua hnub ua ntej xa khoom yog tias tsis yog, vitamin ADE txhaj tau txhaj peb zaug hauv 21 hnub ua ntej yug. Cov tshuaj calcium ntxiv tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam thiab txhaj tshuaj oxytocin (30 units txhua ntawm 0 thiab 6 teev tom qab xa khoom) tau muab los txhawb nqa qhov tso pa tawm. Qhov xis nyob ib puag ncig hauv chav xa khoom tau tswj hwm thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab los tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tso menyuam hauv plab.
5. Kev kho tus ntsaum uas khaws cia
Rau cov kua mis nyuj nrog khaws cia placenta, prostaglandins tau txhaj 12 teev tom qab xa los txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm lub tsho me nyuam, thiab cov tshuaj oxytetracycline tuaj yeem ua rau kom ntxais ntxais kom tiv thaiv kev kis mob thiab sepsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Txhawm rau saib xyuas lub cev kub ob zaug ib hnub, cov neeg mob ua npaws yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev kho mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tsis-steroidal antipyretics, analgesics (txhais) thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tom qab tus menyuam tso tawm tag, nws yuav raug xa los ntawm chav xa khoom.
6. Cov txheej txheem mis nyuj
Colostrum tau nthuav tawm tsis pub dhau 1 teev tom qab xa khoom, thiab qhov zoo ntawm colostrum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas. Cov uas tsis tsim nyog tau txiav txim siab tso nws tseg, thiab cov ntshav ntshav tsis tuaj yeem pub mis rau menyuam yaus. Cov uas tau tsim nyog tau pub mis rau cov nyuj, thiab cov uas tau tshaj tawm tau khov ntawm - 20 ℃. Thaum lawv tau pub mis, lawv tau yaj hauv dej da dej thiab sib tov tas li kom tsis txhob tshav kub tsis sib xws. Qhov ntsuas kub tau txiav txim siab kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kub yog 38 ± 1 ℃. Ntxiv dag zog rau kev pub mis niam, ua raws li kev pub mis ua ntej thiab tom qab pub mis da dej tshuaj, kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev kho mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav.
7. Kev Tu Nyuj Nyuj
Txiav txoj hlab ntaws 6-8 cm ntawm qhov chaw plab hlaub thiab tua kab mob nrog 5% iodine tincture ob zaug ib hnub. Ceev nrooj qhuav hnoos qeev ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab lub qhov ntswg kom ntseeg tau ua pa tawm. Qhuav cov kua amniotic rau ntawm tus menyuam nyuj, thiab hnav "lub tsho me me" rau cov menyuam hauv thaj chaw txias. Ntsuas cov calves, muab tso rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb menyuam mos liab tso, tso cov nyom nyom, siv lub teeb chav dej, hluav taws xob cua sov thiab roj kom cov menyuam sov sov, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kub hauv tsev menyuam menyuam menyuam mus txog 18 ~ 22 ℃. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias menyuam yaj tuaj yeem noj ntau txog 10% ntawm lawv lub cev qhov hnyav hauv 2 teev tom qab yug los.