Tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob yog hydrogenated naphthacene ring derivatives tsim los ntawm Actinomycetes. Lawv yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav-dav uas feem ntau cuam tshuam cov kab mob protein synthesis. Lawv muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob thiab feem ntau suav nrog 6 hom, uas yog chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, thiab doxycycline, metacycline thiab minocycline. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav thiab siv los tiv thaiv lossis kho kab mob ntses ua liaj ua teb. Tam sim no nws yog hom siv dav tshaj plaws ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no suav nrog tetracycline rau ntses tsis tau nqus tag nrho los ntawm cov tsiaj raws li ib feem ntau ntawm lawv tau tso tawm rau tib neeg ib puag ncig hauv daim ntawv ntawm quav lossis cov zom zaub mov.
Vim tias nws cov dej ua tau zoo thiab muaj biodegradability tsawg hauv ib puag ncig, nws tau dhau los ua chav kawm ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob uas yooj yim khaws thiab khaws cia hauv ib puag ncig kev nuv ntses. Raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj exogenous hauv ib puag ncig, tshuaj tua kab mob muaj qhov dav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nuv ntses ib puag ncig ib puag ncig thiab ecology, ua rau muaj kev tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab muaj kuab paug tas mus li. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom lag luam aquaculture, tab sis thaum kawg kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev muaj sia nyob.
BALLYA muab a tetracyclines xeem los qhia koj yog tias muaj tetracyclines seem hauv cov khoom siv mis uas koj noj txhua hnub.
Tetracycline rau ntses yog tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tsis yog siv los kho kab mob hauv cov ntses xwb, tab sis kuj tseem kho cov kab mob hauv tib neeg. Thaum siv cov ntses, nws feem ntau suav tias yog kev kho mob rau cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv cheeb tsam, xws li mob txhab lossis mob txhab. Tetracycline zoo tshaj ntxiv rau cov zaub mov ntses. Thaum cov ntses tau kis los ntawm cov kab mob, cov dej zoo hauv lub tank ntses yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas. Rau tib neeg, tetracycline tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog tetracycline rau pob txuv, cov kab mob tso zis, thiab lwm yam kab mob sib kis.
Tetracycline tau siv dav lossis txawm tias raug tsim txom hauv tsev kho mob tsiaj rau lub sijhawm ntev vim nws tus nqi qis thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav. Dab tsi ntxiv, kev loj hlob-txhawb nqa cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau siv los ua khoom noj ntxiv hauv kev coj ua. Qhov no ua rau cov kab mob rhiab muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hla vim tias cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tshuaj no zoo ib yam, ua rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob txo qis heev.
Tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob spectrum tsim los ntawm actinomycetes, suav nrog chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline thiab Semi-synthetic derivatives ntawm methenoxytetracycline, doxycycline- Kuv methylaminotetracycline, thiab lwm yam, uas nws cov qauv tag nrho muaj lub cev pob txha naphthacene. Tetracycline tshuaj muaj npe vim tias muaj ntau yam hydrogenated tetraphenyl nplhaib hauv cov qauv txheej txheem. Lawv yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav-dav thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob gram-positive, ramie-negative bacteria thiab spirochetes, rickettsiae, chlamydiamycoplasma thiab protozoa.
Nws cov txheej txheem tua kab mob feem ntau yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob protein synthesis. Cov chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev nrog cov kua qaub lossis cov hauv paus. Tab sis nws tsis ruaj khov hauv cov kua dej alkaline, yog li nws feem ntau ua rau hauv hydrochloride. Cov ntawv thov hauv tsev suav nrog tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, metacycline thiab minocycline. Thawj peb yog cov khoom ntuj tsim; qhov kawg peb yog cov khoom lag luam ib nrab tiav, tseem hu ua tetracyclines tshiab.
Kev qhia tshuaj: kho kab mob ua pa, mob chlamydia, spirochetes, rickettsiae, eperythrocytes (npua), tab sis tsis zoo rov los rau cov kab mob staphylococcal thiab streptococcal.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm chlortetracycline hauv kev pub nce lub qe qe ntau ntxiv, qhov hnyav kwv yees ntawm lub qe thiab cov tuab ntawm lub qe qe ib feem, thiab qhov pub-rau-qe piv tau poob qis, tab sis nws tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam pom tseeb ntawm kev noj kom tsawg thiab lwm yam qe zoo ntsuas. Soj ntsuam qhov ua tau zoo: minocycline yog qhov muaj zog tshaj, doxycycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, tom qab tetracycline, thiab oxytetracycline muaj qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm kev kis kab mob hauv cov ntses suav nrog qhov muag ntawm lub qhov muag lossis hauv plab, lossis cov kab liab liab lossis qhov me me ntawm tus tsiaj cov tawv nqaij. Tshwj xeeb, tetracycline rau ntses yog siv los kho kab mob sab nrauv. Nws raug nquahu kom kho tus kab mob ntawm qhov rot rot. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los kho mob txhab rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ntau hom kev loj hlob lossis nodules, thiab kab txaij ntawm cov xim sib txawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws kuj tseem siv los kho tus kab mob herniation, tus kab mob ntawm cov ntses txawv txawv txawv los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis.
Txawm tias tetracycline rau ntses tuaj yeem kho cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntses, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom sim nrhiav lub hauv paus ntawm qhov teeb meem. Cov dej zoo, lub tshuab lim thiab lwm yam khoom txawv teb chaws hauv lub tank ntses yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kom pom qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob no los pab tiv thaiv cov ntses kom tsis txhob mob ntxiv rau yav tom ntej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau kho dej thiab ntxuav lub tank ntses. Thaum kho kab mob ntses, koj tuaj yeem ncaj qha ntxiv ntses tetracycline rau hauv lub tank ntses. Txawm hais tias qhov no tsis zoo tag nrho, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom ntseeg tau tias cov tsiaj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thaum cov kab mob ntses tau noj tshuaj tua kab mob. Tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem ntxiv rau zaub mov. Nws tau pom zoo kom noj cov ntses thaum lawv tshaib plab txaus.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, tetracycline ntsiav tshuaj tuaj yeem siv tau, thiab tsis yog tsuas yog tetracycline, tab sis lwm yam tshuaj xws li oxytetracycline, gentamicin, penicillin, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv rau ntses. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau siv los kho tus kab mob sib kis, tus Tsov tus tw lwj, cov hniav lwj, kab mob hauv plab, thiab dej tuaj pwm. Hauv lwm lo lus, txhua tus kab mob ntses tuaj yeem kho tau, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig me me. Kab mob ntses tuaj yeem kho tau zoo nyob rau theem pib, tab sis kev kho mob tsis zoo nyob rau theem tom ntej.
Qib tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv ntses tau pom los ntawm ELISA cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm phagocytes tau ntsuas los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam chemiluminescence ua qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias oxytetracycline tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov qib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm phagocytes thiab cov lej ntawm lymphocytes, tab sis nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig pom tseeb ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov ntses. Oxytetracycline tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov siab ntawm cov carp qhov kev tso dag. Qhov kev txwv no tsuas yog ib ntus xwb.
Raws li cov concentration ntawm oxytetracycline txo qis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov carp kuj tseem ua tau zoo. Oxytetracycline tuaj yeem muaj cov genotoxicity muaj zog hauv cov txheej txheem ntau yam. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias Tuyusu muaj teratogenic cuam tshuam rau carp embryos.
Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau yam ua rau thaj chaw nuv ntses tsis yog tsuas yog cov peev txheej tiv thaiv cov noob, tab sis kuj yog qhov nruab nrab rau kev nthuav dav thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov noob tsis kam. Ntau thiab ntau qhov kev sim tau ua pov thawj tias kev nce ntxiv thiab sib kis ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ib puag ncig yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Raws li qhov no, ntau tus neeg tau pib mob siab rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv tshuaj ntau ntxiv (PNEC) ntawm cov kab mob hauv ib puag ncig, uas tseem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob sib kis.
Ib qho ntxiv, kev tshawb fawb txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov kab mob me me thiab cov pejxeem tus qauv ntawm cov dej algae thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev sib koom ua ke lom ntawm tetracycline thiab lwm yam kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig yog tsawg. Thiab cov kev tshawb fawb no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob hauv kev nuv ntses ecological ib puag ncig.
Kev tsim txom cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov kab mob tiv taus cov tshuaj, tab sis qee zaum cuam tshuam rau lwm tiam tom ntej, ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm "cov menyuam tiv taus". Kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis ntau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau tau dhau los ua teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb. Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau dua, kev xaiv tsawg dua. Yog tias tib neeg feem ntau noj zaub mov uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab kev tiv thaiv tshuaj yuav nce ntxiv yam tsis nco qab. Thaum lawv muaj mob, cov tshuaj tua kab mob no yuav tsis pab. Qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua yog tias qee qhov "super bacteria" tsis ntev los no tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau dhau.
Kev siv sijhawm ntev ntawm cov zaub mov tiv taus ntau yuav ua rau muaj kab mob ntau ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab nws qhov kev phom sij tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Tshwj xeeb, kev sib qhia tshuaj tua kab mob sib kis ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj yuav ua rau kev txhim kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab thaum kawg ua rau tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob rau tib neeg. Piv txwv li, ciprofloxacin ua yog tshuaj tua kab mob sib kis los ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Ciprofloxacin tau siv dav los tiv thaiv kab mob ua pa hauv broilers thiab ntses, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau muaj tshuaj hnyav nyob hauv zaub mov. Muaj ntawv ceeb toom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tias tib neeg tsis nkag siab rau cov tshuaj ciprofloxacin ntxiv lawm. Qhov no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev noj zaub mov ntev uas muaj ciprofloxacin seem.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tseem tau qhia tias kev tiv thaiv tshuaj rau menyuam mos liab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm niam-rau-yuav thaum lub sijhawm thiab ua ntej cev xeeb tub, thiab tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob mus sij hawm ntev. Ntau tus poj niam cev xeeb tub noj qe, nqaij ntses, kua zaub qaib, kua zaub trotters thiab mis nyuj txhua hnub, tab sis kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv no yog kev txhawj xeeb ntau ntxiv.
Hauv qhov pom ntawm lub tetracycline phiv los tias tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem tsim tawm, siv tetracycline rau ntses yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau ntses, tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig uas peb nyob.
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