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Sulfonamides yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob uas tau siv hauv tsev kho mob ze li 50 xyoo. Cov tshuaj Sulfa muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav, ruaj khov, siv tau yooj yim, thiab tsis muaj zaub mov noj thaum tsim khoom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab kev tshawb pom ntawm cov kab mob antibacterial synergist-trimethoprim (TMP), daim ntawv thov ua ke nrog sulfonamides tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab nthuav dav kev kho mob. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob tau tawm los, tshuaj sulfa tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj khomob.
Yog koj noj khoom noj siv mis, Ballya tseem tuaj yeem ua a kev ntsuam xyuas sulfonamides los qhia koj yog tias muaj sulfonamides seem hauv lawv.
1. Sulfonamides uas tau nqus tau yooj yim los ntawm txoj hnyuv tau siv rau kev kis kab mob, xws li sepsis, kab mob tso zis, mob khaub thuas, mob pob txha, mob pob txha, thiab lwm yam, thiab tau muab faib ua luv-ua haujlwm, ua haujlwm nruab nrab thiab ua haujlwm ntev raws li qhov ntev ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj.
a Sulfamethazine
Cov tshuaj yog dawb crystalline hmoov, me ntsis soluble hauv dej. Nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb thiab cua. Tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, kev nqus tau nrawm dua thiab kev tso tawm qeeb. Thawj txhaj tshuaj ntawm 0.10 g/kg lub cev hnyav rau cov mis nyuj, nyuj, thiab menyuam nyuj, thiab tom qab ntawd 0.05 g/kg lub cev hnyav ib hnub rau kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj rau 2 hnub, cov ntshav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem tswj tau 72 teev. Nees thiab npua tau hais lus ntawm 0.10 g/kg lub cev hnyav, thiab cov ntshav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem tswj tau 24 teev. Nees, nyuj, yaj, npua yog 0.10 g/kg lub cev hnyav, noj qhov ncauj, ib hnub ib zaug.
b. Sulfaethoxazine
Cov tshuaj no yog dawb los yog me ntsis daj crystalline hmoov, me ntsis yaj hauv dej, thiab yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb thiab huab cua. Cov tshuaj tau nqus sai tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, thiab ib nrab lub neej tom qab txhaj tshuaj yog 468 feeb rau npua, 11 teev rau yaj thiab 10 teev rau nyuj. Nws yog 0.055 g/kg lub cev hnyav txhua lub sijhawm rau nyuj thiab yaj, thiab 0.130 g/kg lub cev hnyav txhua lub sijhawm rau npua, noj qhov ncauj, ib hnub ib hnub.
2. Sulfonamides uas nyuaj rau nqus tau hauv txoj hnyuv tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov tshuaj ntau hauv cov hnyuv. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev kis kab mob hauv plab xws li bacillary dysentery, enteritis, thiab lwm yam, xws li phthalosulfathiazole (PST).
a. Sulfamidine
Cov tshuaj no yog cov hmoov dawb-zoo li cov hmoov ua kua, me ntsis yaj hauv dej, thiab yuav tsum khaws cia ntawm huab cua thiab lub teeb. Kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj tsawg dua thiab tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov siab dua hauv cov hnyuv, yog li nws haum rau mob plab, raws plab thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv plab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov hnyuv nqus ntawm cov tsiaj yug menyuam yog siab dua li cov tsiaj me.
Thaum cov tshuaj tau muab rau cov tsiaj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm txoj hnyuv lossis lub cev qhuav dej hnyav, lossis thaum cov neeg laus cov tsiaj loj dhau lawm, lub raum puas tsuaj tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev nqus dej ntau dhau. Ib qho ntxiv, txij li cov neeg laus ruminants muaj ntau cov zom zaub mov hauv lub cev, qhov siab ntawm cov tshuaj tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj yuav raug txo kom txo qhov ua tau zoo, yog li tam sim no nws tsis tshua muaj siv. Txhua yam tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib 0.1 ~ 0.2 g/kg lub cev hnyav txhua lub sijhawm, kev tswj qhov ncauj, 2 zaug/hnub.
b. Phthalosulfacetamide
Cov tshuaj yog dawb los yog mis dawb dawb crystalline hmoov, uas nyuaj heev rau yaj hauv dej. Nws tsis yooj yim kom nqus tau thaum noj qhov ncauj, thiab nws maj mam zom hauv cov hnyuv, tso sulfacetamide thiab qhia cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau cov kab mob Shigella. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau mycosis, enteritis thiab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob ua ntej thiab tom qab phais. Rau menyuam yaus, menyuam yaj, menyuam yaj, menyuam npua, luav, thiab nqaij qaib, qhov hnyav yuav tsum yog 0.1 ~ 0.3g/kg lub cev hnyav, faib ua 2 ~ 3 zaug ntawm qhov ncauj.
c. Phthalosulfathiazole
Cov tshuaj no yog cov hmoov dawb lossis daj me ntsis, tsis yaj hauv dej, thiab yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv kaw thiab kaw. Tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, cov tshuaj nyuaj rau nqus tau ntau dua li thiamine, thiab maj mam tso sulfathiazole hauv cov hnyuv, qhia pom cov kab mob bacteriostatic. Cov tshuaj muaj tsawg dua kev phiv tshuaj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab yog cov tshuaj zoo hauv plab sulfonamide rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua ntej thiab tom qab phais plab. Rau menyuam yaus, menyuam yaj, menyuam npua, menyuam yaj, luav, thiab nqaij qaib, qhov hnyav yog 0.1 ~ 0.3g/kg lub cev hnyav, thiab nws tau hais lus hauv 3 ~ 4 zaug.
d. Hydroxyquinophthalein Sulfathiazole
Cov tshuaj yog lub teeb daj crystalline hmoov, me ntsis yaj hauv dej, thiab yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm huab cua thiab lub teeb. Cov tshuaj no yog cov ntsev sib xyaw ntawm phthalosulfathiazole thiab 8-hydroxyquinoline. Nws txoj haujlwm thiab lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tib yam li phthalosulfathiazole, thiab nws tseem muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho amoebic dysentery. Txhua hom tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib tau noj qhov ncauj hauv 2 txog 3 zaug hauv ib hnub ntawm 0.1 txog 0.3 g/kg lub cev hnyav.
e. Sulfamethoxazine
Cov tshuaj yog dawb los yog me ntsis daj crystalline hmoov, tsis yaj hauv dej, thiab nyuaj rau nqus thaum noj qhov ncauj. Sulfamethoxine maj mam ua kom sai sai hauv cov hnyuv thiab nthuav tawm cov kab mob plab hnyuv. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kab mob ua ntej thiab tom qab mob plab zom mov ntawm ntau yam tsiaj hauv tsev lossis phais mob plab. Txhua hom tsiaj txhu 0.1 ~ 0.3 g/kg lub cev hnyav txhua lub sijhawm, kev tswj qhov ncauj, ib hnub ib zaug.
3. Tshuaj tshuaj sulfa feem ntau yog siv rau kev kis mob, mob txhab rau qhov txhab, kab mob ntawm lub qhov muag, thiab lwm yam, xws li sulfacetamide (SA), sulfadiazine tshuaj nyiaj ntsev (SD-Ag), methanesulfonate (SML).
a. Sulfa
Cov tshuaj yog dawb los yog lub teeb daj crystalline granule lossis hmoov, me ntsis soluble hauv dej, thiab tsis tshua muaj soluble hauv dej npau lossis dej cawv. Cov tshuaj muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim cov kab mob, tab sis nws tsis tshua siv qhov ncauj vim nws muaj tshuaj lom thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Nws tsuas yog siv los ua tshuaj sab nraud rau kev kis mob hauv zos.
Cov tshuaj yog cov hmoov dawb lossis yuav luag dawb crystalline, uas nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej. Nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tib yam li sulfadiazine, tab sis muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog ntawm Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj kev kis kab mob, txhawb kev qhuav ntawm lub qhov txhab thiab ua kom nrawm dua. Nws yog qhov chaw kho mob haum rau qhov txhab mob, tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm Pseudomonas aeruginosa thiab qib thib ob thiab thib peb kub hnyiab lossis tawv nqaij. Tom qab siv tshuaj, yuav tsis muaj kev phiv tshuaj xws li cuam tshuam electrolyte lossis metabolic acidosis, thiab tsis muaj kuab paug rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov txhab kho nrog cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij zoo.
c. Sodium Sulfacetamide hmoov
Tus neeg sawv cev yog hmoov dawb crystalline, yooj yim soluble hauv dej. Cov tshuaj muaj qhov ua tau zoo nyob hauv dej, thiab cov tshuaj yuav luag nyob nruab nrab thiab muaj qhov ua rau me me ua rau mucous daim nyias nyias. Clinically, nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev kis kab mob ntawm lub qhov muag, xws li kab mob sib kis hauv lub qhov muag thiab lub qhov txhab ua rau lub qhov muag. 10% ~ 30% ntawm cov tshuaj no yog qhov muag dauv lossis tshuaj pleev rau kev siv tshuaj pleev.
d. Sulfamirone Acetate hmoov
Cov tshuaj yog dawb los yog lub teeb daj siv lead ua los yog cov hmoov crystalline nrog cov kua qaub tsw ntxhiab, thiab nws cov kua dej tsis muaj zog ua kua qaub, yooj yim yaj hauv dej. Cov tshuaj muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau feem ntau cov kab mob gram-positive thiab gram-negative. Nws tus yam ntxwv yog tias nws muaj zog tiv thaiv lossis tua cov nyhuv ntawm Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm para-aminobenzoic acid, thiab nws kuj tseem muaj kev kho mob ntawm qhov txhab mob nrog rau cov nqaij ntxiv thiab cov nqaij necrotic, thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov hlawv eschar, thiab nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kho qhov txhab ntawm qhov txhab. Hauv tsev kho mob, nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob kub hnyiab, phais phais, raug mob hauv zos thiab mob Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Daim ntawv thov tshuaj yuav ua rau mob lossis kub hnyiab, thiab qee zaum kuj ua rau Kev tsis haum tshuaj. Vim tias cov tshuaj tau siv tsis tau sai hauv cov ntshav, nws tsuas tuaj yeem siv hauv zos, tsis haum rau kev tswj qhov ncauj lossis txhaj tshuaj.
Nws tsuas yog ua piv txwv li "peb kis mob thiab peb kis mob", uas yog: ua pa pa, zom zaub mov, tso zis tso zis; mastitis, metritis thiab peritonitis. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshuaj sulfa muaj cov txiaj ntsig kho tau zoo ntawm toxoplasmosis thiab coccidiosis.
5 lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tshuaj sulfa:
Kev siv ib leeg tsuas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob tab sis tsis ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, thiab cov kab mob zoo li hla mus rau lwm yam tshuaj sulfa. (Ntawd yog: cov kab mob tsim tawm tsam tshuaj sulfa, thiab nws kuj tau txais kev tiv thaiv rau lwm yam tshuaj sulfa)), yog li ntawd tshuaj sulfa tsis pom zoo siv los ua tshuaj kho mob. Ib qho ntxiv, ib zaug tshuaj sulfa poob lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau hloov lub sijhawm.
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, txawm hais tias tus nqi ntawm tshuaj sulfa yog qhov tsawg, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias koob tshuaj tsawg dhau. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, qhov ntau npaum li cas yuav nce ntxiv, uas yog ua kom nce nqi tshuaj. Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo thiab qhov xwm txheej raug ncua, qhov poob yuav ntau dua.
Kev siv ntau dhau lossis siv sijhawm ntev tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav lossis mob hnyav ntawm nqaij qaib. Cov menyuam mos tau raug tshuaj lom thiab yuav tuag coob. Tso hens yog tshuaj lom raws sijhawm, lub qe tawg nce ntxiv, tus lej ntawm cov tawv nqaij mos nce ntxiv, thiab qe ntau lawm qis dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv tsis tsim nyog ntawm tshuaj sulfa yuav tsub rau hauv ob lub raum thiab ua rau lub raum puas.
Txawm li cas los, tshuaj sulfa tau siv dav hauv tsev kho mob hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho mob ntawm nqaij qaib colibacillosis, salmonellosis, coccidiosis, thiab lwm yam, thiab yog cov tshuaj xaiv rau kis mob rhinitis thiab leukocytosis (kab mob yas dawb).
Cov tshuaj Sulfa tau siv dav hauv aquaculture vim lawv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tshuaj sulfa muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv, thiab tshuaj sulfa, zoo li lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob, muaj qee yam kev phiv. Peb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog rau kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo tshuaj sulfa hauv kev tsim khoom thiab thov txheej txheem.
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