Spectinomycin, tseem hu ua actinospectacin, tshuaj tua kab mob uas yog aminoglycosides. Tsis zoo li tshuaj streptomycin, nws tsis ua rau mRNA nyeem tsis raug, tab sis nws tuaj yeem khi rau cov kab mob 30S ribosomes thiab cuam tshuam cov protein biosynthesis. Hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob spectinomycin, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem pom hauv cov protein hu ua "S5" hauv 30S ribosome.
Spectinomycin muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab muaj kev phiv. Raws li "Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb rau Kev Tshuaj Tshuaj Veterinary" ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb, nas cov tshuaj ntsuas tsis pom muaj tshuaj lom.
Spectinomycin yog ib qho ntawm aminocyclitols, uas yog cais los ntawm cov kua txiv fermentation ntawm Streptomyces, thiab tau siv hauv tsev kho mob raws li nws dihydrochloride pentahydrate. Txawm hais tias spectinomycin muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob rau ntau yam kab mob Gram-positive thiab tsis zoo, nws cov nyhuv tsis muaj zog; nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nws cov kab mob tua kab mob muaj zog ntawm Neisseria gonorrhoeae, suav nrog ob qho tib si tsim cov enzyme thiab tsis tsim cov enzyme tsim cov kab mob cuam tshuam los ntawm 6.3-12μg/ml, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tshua pom tshwm. Yog li nws tsuas yog siv rau kev kho mob yooj yim hauv ntiaj teb tus kab mob gonorrhea.
cov spectinomycin mechanism ntawm kev ua yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm aminoglycosides. Cov koob tshuaj rau cov neeg laus yog 2 grams ntawm ib koob tshuaj ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular. Nws cov kev mob tshwm sim me me, thiab qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau kiv taub hau, ua npaws, xeev siab, mob taub hau, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau txo qis kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, kev siv cov khoom siv no yuav tsum txwv rau kev kis mob los ntawm beta lactamase cov-tsim gonococcus rau cov neeg ua xua rau penicillin g.
Aminocyclitols yog qhov ua piv txwv nrog aminoglycosides. Vim tias spectinomycin thiab lwm yam analogs tsis muaj cov amino qab zib nyob hauv cov molecule, tam sim no nws xav hloov pauv aminoglycosides rau Aminocyclitols.
Aminoglycoside cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj npe vim tias lawv cov qauv txheej txheem muaj cov amino cyclic cawv thiab ib lossis ntau cov amino qab zib cov molecules, uas txuas nrog los ntawm glycosides los ua glycosides. Lawv feem ntau yog cov sib txuas ncov qaumteb qabteb thiab yooj yim soluble hauv dej. Nws tsis yooj yim nqus thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob aminoglycoside yog ua ke nrog cov kab mob ribosomes thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob protein synthesis. Lawv yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob sai thiab tam sim no yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob hnyav los ntawm aerobic gram-negative bacilli.
Spectinomycin yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob aminocycloalcohol tsim los ntawm Streptomyces, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov piam thaj nruab nrab thiab aminocyclitol ib sab. Nws feem ntau yog dawb lossis yuav luag dawb crystalline hmoov, yooj yim soluble hauv dej, thiab pH ntawm 1% daws yog 3.8-5.6.
Spectinomycin muaj cov kab mob me me tiv thaiv kab mob aerobic gram-negative xws li Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus, Acinetobacter, Haemophilus influenzae, Morganella, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov kab mob gram-positive, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau pab pawg A streptococcus thiab Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ntawm cov kab mob atypical, nws nkag siab rau Mycoplasma urolyticus. t1/2 = 2.5 teev.
Nws yog feem ntau siv los kho qhov tsis yooj yim tus kab mob gonorrhea tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob penicillin-resistant, xws li cov kab mob urethritis, proctitis, mob gonorrhea mob hnyav, ncauj tsev menyuam, thiab cov neeg mob uas tiv taus tshuaj penicillin. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov kab mob tso zis los ntawm Neisseria gonorrhea, haum rau cov neeg mob uas tiv taus tshuaj penicillin thiab tshuaj tetracycline.
Trobicin yog tshuaj thib ob rau kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj, ncauj tsev menyuam thiab qhov quav los ntawm Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev kis mob los ntawm cov kab mob tiv taus xws li penicillin thiab tetracycline. Txij li feem ntau cov neeg mob nrog tus kab mob gonorrhea tau kis tus kab mob Chlamydia trachomatis, ib hnub 7 hnub ntawm tetracycline lossis doxycycline lossis erythromycin tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua raws tom qab siv daim ntawv thov trobicin.
Tus kab mob gonorrhea yog dab tsi?
Tus kab mob Gonorrhea yog kab mob sib kis los ntawm Neisseria gonorrhoeae nrog cov kab mob sib kis ntawm cov kab mob urogenital. Neisseria gonorrhoeae yog gram-negative diplococcus, thiab nws tsis nyuaj rau muaj sia nyob yam tsis muaj tib neeg lub cev, yooj yim raug tua nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Tus kab mob Gonorrhea tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam uas muaj kev sib deev.
Nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, tau muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm tus kab mob gonorrhea hauv ntiaj teb. Txij li xyoo 1975, tus kab mob gonorrhea tau rov qab los hauv Suav teb, thiab cov neeg mob tau nce zuj zus. Nws yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm STD. Nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog cov neeg mob syphilis nce ntxiv, cov neeg mob gonorrhea tau poob zuj zus txhua xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob gonorrhea tseem yog kab mob sib kis nyob hauv Suav teb, thiab nws tseem yog Kab Mob Kab Mob B uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab kev tswj hwm tshwj xeeb tau teev tseg hauv "Cov Neeg Koom Tes ntawm Tuam Tshoj Txoj Cai ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Tswj Kab Mob Sib Kis."
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob gonorrhea, tau xub xub cais nyob rau xyoo 1879 los ntawm Neisseria. Nws yog tsev neeg Neisseria, Neisseria genus. Neisseria gonorrhoeae yog lub raum zoo li, nrog ob lub ntsej muag sib ntsib ib leeg thiab qhov loj ib yam, kwv yees li 0.7 microns ntev thiab 0.5 microns hauv qhov dav. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntub nrog qhov kub ntawm 35 ° C thiab 5% carbon dioxide.
Lawv feem ntau muaj nyob hauv polymorphonuclear leukocytes, elliptical lossis spherical, feem ntau tau teeb tsa ua khub, tsis muaj flagella, tsis muaj tshuaj ntsiav, tsis muaj kab mob, tsis ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau sab cev nqaij daim tawv thiab tshuaj lom neeg, ntshai kom qhuav thiab kub heev. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob gonorrhea yog tso zis ntau zaus, dysuria, pus los ntawm cov zis los yog tso zis tawm ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab qhov chaw mos. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv suav nrog txhawb kev qhia kev noj qab haus huv thiab zam kev sib deev tsis yog txij nkawm. Txhawb kev sib deev kom nyab xeeb thiab siv hnab looj qau. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev cais thiab tua kab mob kom tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob.
Trobicin yog ib qho aminoglycosides tshuaj tua kab mob ua los ntawm Streptomyces spectabilis. Nws feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob siab tiv thaiv Neisseria gonorrhoeae thiab Neisseria gonorrhoeae uas ua rau beta lactamase cov. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob me me tiv thaiv ntau tus kab mob enterobacteriaceae. Professionella thiab Pseudomonas aeruginosa feem ntau tiv taus tribicin; cov kab mob tiv taus tribicin feem ntau tseem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab tshuaj streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, thiab lwm yam. Trobicin muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Ureaplasma urealyticum, tab sis tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm Chlamydia trachomatis thiab Treponema pallidum. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm Trobicin yog khi rau 30S subunit ntawm cov kab mob ribosomes thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob protein synthesis.
Kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm Trobicin yog nqus tau zoo Tom qab txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 2g ntawm trobicin, cov ntshav siab concentration ntawm spectinomycin (Cmax) yog li 100 mg/L hauv 1 teev, thiab cov ntshav siab hauv 8 teev yog 15 mg/L. Thaum cov tshuaj tau muab ob npaug, cov ntshav cov ntshav yuav nce ntxiv. Kev tshem tawm cov ntshav ib nrab ntawm lub neej (t1/2b) yog 1 txog 3 teev, thiab cov uas muaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm (kev tshem tawm creatinine <20ml/min) tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus rau 10-30 teev. Trobicin feem ntau yog tawm los ntawm lub raum, thiab kwv yees li 100% ntawm nws tau tso tawm hauv cov zis raws li tus qauv ua ntej 48 teev tom qab kev tswj hwm. Hemodialysis tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav concentration ntawm trobicin li ntawm 50%.
Rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular nkaus xwb. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau mob ncauj tsev menyuam, qhov quav lossis qhov mob urethral ntawm Neisseria gonorrhoeae rau cov neeg laus, ib koob ntawm 2g intramuscularly; rau kev kis tus kab mob gonorrhea, txhaj tshuaj ib leeg ntawm 2g, ib zaug txhua 12 teev, rau 3 hnub. Ib koob ntawm 4g tau txhaj tshuaj intramuscularly rau sab laug thiab sab xis. Cov menyuam yaus thiab menyuam mos tsis tuaj yeem siv nws. Cov menyuam yaus hnyav dua 45 kg tau txais koob tshuaj 40 mg/kg intramuscularly raws li lawv lub cev hnyav; cov uas ntau dua 45 kg tau txais ib koob tshuaj ntawm 2 g intramuscularly. Ua ntej siv, ntxiv 3.2ml ntawm 0.9% benzyl cawv txhaj rau txhua txhua 2g ntawm trobicin, co ua kom ncua.
Spectinomycin tau tshawb pom los ntawm Asmeskas Mason thiab lwm tus hauv xyoo 1961 hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los. Nws yog siv hauv kev kho mob ntawm tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib veterinary tshuaj, thiab feem ntau yog siv los kho kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm E. coli, Salmonella, Pasteurella thiab Mycoplasma tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob nkag tau yooj yim.
Spectinomycin hydrochloride tau nqus sai los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular, thiab cov ntshav cov ntshav ntawm cov tsiaj noj qab nyob zoo tuaj yeem mus txog qhov siab tshaj tom qab 1 teev ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular. Txog 6 teev, cov ntshav ntshav hauv lub cev tseem raug tswj hwm siab dua qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qib. Theem ntawm nws cov ntshav cov tshuaj ntau ntxiv nrog kev nce ntawm koob tshuaj.
Spectinomycin feem ntau yog tawm los ntawm ob lub raum, feem ntau yog tom qab 6 teev, nws tso tawm li ntawm 45% ntawm tag nrho cov koob tshuaj. Dab tsi yuav tsum tau ceeb toom yog tias txawm tias nws yog spectinomycin hydrochloride thiab spectinomycin sulfate, hauv kev kho tsiaj txhu thiab tsiaj txhu tsiaj kho tsiaj, kev kho tshuaj txhaj tshuaj txoj hauv kev xav kom cov kws kho tsiaj hauv paus kom mob siab rau lub raum kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov nqaij qaib (txwv tsis pub siv). rau cov tsiaj txhu kab mob thiab nqaij qaib uas muaj kab mob hauv lub raum). Txog kev hais lus hais txog tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib, txij li spectinomycin hydrochloride tau nyob hauv khw, tsis tau muaj ntau daim ntawv tshaj tawm txog qhov no, yog li tsis tas yuav xav txog qhov teeb meem no.
Qee zaum, tawv nqaij ua pob, xeev siab, kiv taub hau, ua npaws, ua daus no, pw tsis tsaug zog, mob taub hau, thiab txhaj tshuaj tsis xis nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam. Qhov koob thib ob ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab thiab lub raum puas, txo cov ntshav ntawm tes, thiab lwm yam. Qee zaum, txo qis hemoglobin thiab hematocrit, txo qis creatinine tshem tawm, thiab nce alkaline phosphatase, BUN, thiab cov txiaj ntsig transaminase tshwm sim. Kuj tseem muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm tso zis tso zis tsawg. Nws yog contraindicated rau cov neeg mob uas muaj keeb kwm kev tsis haum rau trobixin thiab aminoglycoside tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov neeg mob uas mob raum.
Spectinomycin yog tshuaj tua kab mob aminoglycoside. Txawm hais tias nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib txawv los ntawm streptomycin, nws tseem muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Spectinomycin muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim me me thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob gonorrhea.
BALLYA muab rau kev ntsuam xyuas spectinomycin los qhia koj yog tias muaj cov tshuaj spectinomycin seem hauv cov khoom siv mis uas koj noj txhua hnub.
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