Amoxicillin thiab penicillin yog ob hom tshuaj tua kab mob uas nquag siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub, thiab lawv muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kho kab mob. Vim tias amoxicillin thiab penicillin muaj ntau heev, ntau tus neeg tsis paub qhov sib txawv ntawm ob yam tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab txawm xav tias lawv zoo ib yam. Yog li, koj paub dab tsi txog amoxicillin vs penicillin?
Amoxicillin yog ib qho uas feem ntau siv ib nrab hluavtaws penicillin broad-spectrum beta lawm tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws yog hmoov dawb nrog ib nrab lub neej kwv yees li ntawm 61.3 feeb. Nws ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub, thiab lub plab zom mov nce mus txog 90%. Amoxicillin muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov kab mob ntawm tes. Nws yog ib qho ntawm kev siv dav tshaj plaws qhov ncauj ib nrab hluavtaws penicillins. Nws cov kev npaj suav nrog tsiav tshuaj, ntsiav tshuaj, granules, ntsiav tshuaj sib faib, thiab lwm yam, thiab tam sim no feem ntau ua ke nrog clavulanic acid los ua cov ntsiav tshuaj sib faib.
Amoxicillin yog ib qho hluavtaws hluavtaws dav-spectrum penicillin. Nws cov kab mob tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv paus yog tib yam nkaus tshuaj ampicillin, tab sis nws cov kua qaub ua rau muaj zog ntau dua ampicillin, thiab nws cov kab mob tua kab mob muaj zog thiab nrawm dua tom kawg, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Ib nrab ntawm lub neej yog kwv yees li 61.3 feeb. Nws tau nqus sai dua thiab ua tiav ntau dua tshuaj ampicillin.
Amoxicillin muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm nkag tau mus rau phab ntsa ntawm tes. Tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, pab pawg lactam hauv cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tam sim tam sim hydrolyzed los tsim cov peptide bond, uas tau nrawm ua ke nrog transpeptidase hauv cov kab mob kom tsis ua haujlwm nws, txiav tawm tib txoj kev uas cov kab mob vam khom rau transpeptidase los ua ke glycopeptides rau tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, ua cov kab mob sai sai ua lub cev kheej kheej thiab tawg thiab tawg, thiab thaum kawg o thiab tuag vim qhov poob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab nkag mus tsis tu ncua ntawm cov dej.
Nws muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tua kab mob rau feem ntau cov kab mob G+ thiab G-kab mob (suav nrog cocci thiab bacilli). Ntawm lawv, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus hemolyticus, aerobic gram-positive cocci xws li penicillinase-tsis tsim Staphylococcus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae tsis tsim cov kab mob thiab lwm yam -lactamase thiab Helicobacter pylori rhiab rau nws. Hemodialysis tuaj yeem tshem qee cov tshuaj, tab sis kev lim ntshav hauv plab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cov khoom no.
Amoxicillin tuaj yeem siv los kho tus mob ua npaws, lwm yam kab mob salmonella thiab cov kab mob typhoid kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob tso zis los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab heev uas tsis tsim beta lactamase kuj tseem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob tso zis qis dua thiab tsis tsim cov enzyme tsim Neisseria gonorrhoeae urethritis thiab ncauj tsev menyuam, ib zaug ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm 3 g yog txaus. Pob ntseg, qhov ntswg, mob caj pas, kab mob ua pa thiab tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos mos kis los ntawm Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus uas tsis tsim cov tshuaj penicillinase, Streptococcus hemolyticus thiab Haemophilus influenzae uas tsis tsim β-lactamase yog txhua qhov qhia. Leptospirosis tseem tuaj yeem siv amoxicillin. Cov khoom no tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov kab mob urogenital tshwm sim los ntawm Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis thiab Enterococcus faecalis. Cov khoom no, ua ke nrog clarithromycin thiab lansoprazole, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kho tus mob Helicobacter pylori.
Amoxicillin haum rau cov kab mob hauv qab no tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab heev (hom kab mob uas tsis tsim tawm beta lactamase cov):
Lub chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv tebchaws tau teev tseg tias yuav tsum tau kuaj tus kab mob penicillin ua ntej yuav siv amoxicillin, thiab cov uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo raug txwv. Ntxiv thiab, penicillin sodium thiab penicillin poov tshuaj yog tseem tshuaj tua kab mob penicillin, thiab kev kuaj tawv nqaij yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej siv. Yog tias nws tsis yooj yim los kuaj cov tawv nqaij, koj tuaj yeem noj ib feem peb ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav ua ntej. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, koj tuaj yeem siv nws ib txwm muaj. Yog tias koj tsis xis nyob, mus rau tom tsev kho mob sai li sai tau.
Amoxicillin muaj ntau hom tshuaj noj, suav nrog txhaj tshuaj, tshuaj ntsiav, ntsiav tshuaj, granules, thiab lwm yam. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxoov ntxoo, kaw, thiab khaws cia hauv qhov chaw txias, tsaus thiab qhuav. Txawm hais tias qhov chaw cia khoom tsim nyog, kev hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg xws li decomposition thiab polymerization ntawm amoxicillin kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog lub sijhawm, tsim cov tshuaj tsis haum tshiab. Hauv lub caij sov thiab ntub, qhov kev puas tsuaj thiab qhov ua tsis tiav yuav nrawm dua.
Ntxiv rau, amoxicillin thiab aminoglycosides tshuaj (xws li gentamicin, kanamycin), ciprofloxacin ua, pefloxacin thiab lwm yam tshuaj yog contraindicated thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv tib lub thawv. Kev siv cov tshuaj amoxicillin yuav tsum yog raws li kws kho mob cov lus qhia. Noj nws li tshuaj hauv tsev los ntawm koj tus kheej yog ruam thiab txaus ntshai. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj amoxicillin, yog tias muaj kev fab tshuaj xws li ua pob tawv nqaij tshwm sim, lossis muaj kev phom sij loj ntawm lub plab zom mov, xws li raws plab, ntuav, thiab lwm yam, cov tshuaj yuav tsum raug tso tseg tam sim ntawd.
Penicillin yog thawj qhov tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv hauv tsev kho mob hauv xyoo 1940, thiab ib nrab ntawm cov tshuaj hluavtaws penicillins tau tsim tom qab raws li cov qauv tshuaj ntawm penicillin. Amoxicillin yog ib tus ntawm lawv, yog li qhov txawv ntawm penicillin thiab amoxicillin yog dab tsi?
Amoxicillin thiab penicillin yog tib hom tshuaj, tab sis tsis zoo ib yam. Penicillin anti-inflammatory tshuaj suav nrog ntuj ntuj penicillin thiab hluavtaws penicillin. Ntshiab ntuj penicillin tsis yog tsim los ua ke. Artificially synthesized penicillin suav nrog enzyme-resistant penicillin thiab broad-spectrum penicillin. Enzyme-resistant penicillin yog penicillin ntawm enzyme penicillin, thiab lub ntuj ntshiab penicillin yog penicillin g. Nws tau txais los ntawm Penicillium thiab tsis yog siv dag zog los ua ke. Nws tsis yog acid-resistant, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem noj qhov ncauj thiab muaj teeb meem siv. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tsis tiv taus cov enzymes, uas yog penicillinase, yog li cov kab mob tua kab mob tau nqaim.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag ntawm ntuj ntuj penicillin, ntau yam ntawm penicillins nrog penicillinase tsis kam, kua qaub tsis kam, thiab dav dav cov kab mob tua kab mob tau muab coj los ua ke. Vim lawv muaj beta lactam ib ncig hauv lawv cov qauv, lawv kuj tseem hu ua β-lactam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Beta-lactam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau cov kab mob puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob cell phab ntsa. Cov ntaub so ntswg tsis muaj cov cell cog, yog li cov tshuaj lom thiab phiv rau lub cev tsis zoo, tab sis qee tus neeg yuav tsim kev tsis haum ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, lawv nquag ua rau anaphylactic poob siab. Amoxicillin koom nrog cov tshuaj penicillins dav-dav, thiab yog cov tshuaj penicillins hluavtaws rau kev tswj qhov ncauj. Yog li ntawd, amoxicillin yog cov tshuaj penicillin, tsis yog ntuj tsim ntuj penicillin, thiab cov neeg mob tawv nqaij ua xua rau ntuj ntuj penicillin yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin yog ib nrab tsim tawm cov tshuaj penicillin dav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo los ntawm cov cog ntoo. Cov kab mob tua kab mob yog dav dua penicillin G.. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau cuam tshuam txog kab mob G thiab kab mob G (suav nrog tawv tawv Blue-negative bacilli thiab streptococci).
Amoxicillin tsim nyog rau kev kis kab mob ua pa, kab mob tso zis, kab mob hauv lub cev, cov tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos, kab mob meningitis, kab mob ntshav, endocarditis, thiab lwm yam tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob ntau dua. Amoxicillin tsiav tshuaj tau ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov qauv acid-base thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov ncauj. Tus nqi ntawm cov zom zaub mov mus txog 90%. Tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj, pab pawg lactam hauv cov qauv txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj yog tam sim hydrolyzed rau hauv peptide bonds, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus sai nrog cov kab mob hauv lub cev thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau nws puas.
Nws tshem tawm txoj hauv kev nkaus xwb uas cov kab mob tuaj yeem siv transpeptidase los tsim glycopeptides los tsim cov cell cog, yog li cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob sai sai ua lub cev kheej kheej thiab sib cais thiab yaj. Cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob yog thaum kawg tuag nrog cov kab mob hauv cov nroj tsuag puas, cov dej nkag mus tas li. Ib nrab ntawm lub neej ntawm cov tshuaj yog kwv yees li 61.3 feeb.
Amoxicillin muaj hydroxyl thiab amino pawg raws li tus qauv ntawm penicillin, yog li amoxicillin tseem hu ua amino penicillins.
Penicillin g belongs rau qhov nqaim-spectrum penicillin. Nws tiv taus Gram-positive cocci xws li Streptococcus hemolyticus thiab Streptococcus pneumoniae, Gram-positive bacilli xws li Listeria, thiab Gram-negative cocci xws li Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau feem ntau cov kab mob anaerobic zoo, tab sis tsis yog rau gram-negative bacilli.
Amoxicillin yog qhov dav-spectrum penicillin. Ntxiv rau cov kab mob npog los ntawm penicillin, nws kuj muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tiv thaiv Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella thiab Haemophilus influenzae. Penicillin tsuas muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau enterococci, thiab nws feem ntau ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Amoxicillin muaj zog ua rau enterococci ntau dua li penicillin. Amoxicillin tseem muaj qhov ua rau tua Helicobacter pylori.
Amoxicillin tuaj yeem siv los kho tus kab mob ua npaws thiab tus mob ua npaws; nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog clarithromycin thiab lansoprazole los tshem tawm Helicobacter pylori hauv plab thiab duodenum thiab txo qis kev rov tshwm sim ntawm mob plab. Penicillin tsis muaj cov cim qhia no.
Penicillin muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo rau cov enzymes, suav nrog peb feem ntau siv penicillin g or penicillin V., uas yog txhua yam ntuj penicillins, thaum amoxicillin yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws amino penicillin, uas muaj kev ruaj khov rau penicillin thiab tuaj yeem noj tau ntawm qhov ncauj.
Penicillin g tau nrawm nrawm los ntawm cov kua qaub hauv lub plab tom qab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj vim nws tsis kam ua kua qaub, yog li nws tsuas yog nqus tau 15% ntawm qhov koob tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, penicillin G tsuas muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj.
Amoxicillin yuav tsis raug rhuav tshem los ntawm lub plab thaum noj qhov ncauj, thiab nqus tau nrawm thiab ua tiav, nce mus txog 60% txog 75% ntawm koob tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, amoxicillin tsis yog tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv kev txhaj tshuaj, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv noj ntau npaum qhov ncauj.
Qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo tshwm sim ntawm penicillin yog kev tsis haum tshuaj, uas feem ntau suav nrog kev poob siab anaphylactic, hemolytic anemia, thiab kev mob ntshav qab zib. Qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm amoxicillin ntawm qhov ncauj coj mus rau lub plab zom mov, xws li mob raws plab, xeev siab, ntuav, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv kev xaus, amoxicillin vs penicillin muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob tua kab mob thiab cov cim sib txawv. Penicillin g tsuas yog muaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj, thaum amoxicillin kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshuaj ntau npaum qhov ncauj. Cov kev phom sij sib txawv me ntsis. Daim ntawv thov tshuaj kho mob yuav tsum raug xaiv raws tus neeg mob thiab kab mob.
Amoxicillin thiab penicillin koom nrog beta lactams. BALLYA muab a betalactam xeem los qhia koj yog tias muaj cov beta lactams seem hauv cov khoom siv mis uas koj noj txhua hnub.
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