Nafcillin yog ib hom penicillin uas noj thiab txhaj tshuaj uas yog cov tshuaj semi-synthesized rau 6-aminopenicillin. Nws yog hmoov dawb lossis daj dawb, me ntsis tsw ntxhiab, yooj yim yaj hauv dej, chloroform thiab ethanol. Nws ruaj khov rau acid thiab penicillinase. Clinically, nws yog siv rau cov kab mob Staphylococcus uas tiv taus penicillin thiab lwm yam kab mob uas rhiab rau penicillin.
Nws cov dej num tawm tsam Staphylococcus aureus uas tiv taus tshuaj yog ze li ntawm oxacillin , tab sis muaj zog dua methicillin. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tau zoo tawm tsam hemolytic streptococcus thiab pneumococcus. Nws muaj kev nqus tsis tiav hauv qhov ncauj, cov ntshav tsawg thiab cov zis tsawg. Cov ntshav concentration ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular yog siab dua li ntawm kev noj haus, tab sis nws tseem qis. Cov tshuaj suav tshuaj ib txwm muaj hauv cov kua tsib yog siab dua li ntawm cov ntshav, thiab 90% raug tso tawm los ntawm cov kua tsib. Tus nqi khi cov protein hauv cov ntshav siab (kwv yees li 87%).
Muaj ntau daim ntawv tshuaj ntau npaum thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm nafcillin. Kev npaj sib txawv ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv thiab tsis zoo tshwm sim vim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv. Thov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog kev xaiv tshwj xeeb.
Cov kab mob no yog cov tshuaj penicillin semi-synthetic uas tiv taus acid thiab enzyme . Nws ruaj khov rau acid thiab tuaj yeem noj los ntawm qhov ncauj lossis parenterally. Nws ruaj khov rau penicillinase. Nafcillin tiv taus staphylococcus uas tsim penicillinase lossis tiv taus Penicillin g vim lwm yam. Nws muaj cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb rau hemolytic streptococcus, viridis streptococcus, thiab tseem muaj cov teebmeem antibacterial thiab bactericidal rau hemolytic cocci, viridis streptococcus thiab pneumococcus thiab lwm yam kab mob gram-positive.
Yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev txwv ntawm nafcillin rau Staphylococcus aureus uas nkag siab thiab tiv taus penicillin yog 0.4 thiab 0.48ug/ml, feem. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev txwv tsis pub muaj rau pneumococcus, streptococcus viridis, meningococcus, thiab gonococcus yog feem 0.02, 0.4, 0.8 thiab 3.1ug/ml.
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 0.5 g ntawm nafcillin, cov ntshav cov ntshav tau mus txog qhov siab ntawm 7.93ug/ml tom qab ib nrab teev. Tom qab noj 1g ntawm nafcillin rau cov neeg ib txwm muaj, cov ntshav cov ntshav tuaj yeem mus txog qhov siab tshaj hauv 1 teev, kwv yees li 14.34ug/ml. Qhov ncauj probenecid tuaj yeem ua kom ntshav siab ob npaug. Cov ntshav ib nrab-lub neej ntawm nafcillin ntau dua 1.5 teev.
Nafcillin tau nthuav dav dav, thiab cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tau tsom mus rau hauv lub zais zis, raum, ntsws, plawv, lub plab, hnyuv thiab daim siab; siab tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv me, daim siab, thiab lub raum;
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 1.5g ntawm nafcillin, hauv cov kua synovial ntawm lub hauv caug sib koom ua ke, kev kho mob siab tuaj yeem mus txog hauv nruab nrab; cov concentration siab tau khaws cia hauv cov kua tsib. Tsis pub dhau 4 teev tom qab txhaj tshuaj, 93% ntawm cov tshuaj pom hauv cov kua tsib. Nafcillin muaj qhov nqus tau zoo hauv txoj hnyuv.
Nafcillin feem ntau yog tawm los ntawm cov kua tsib thiab tso zis. Tom qab 6 teev ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular thiab kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj ntawm Nafcillin, 14% thiab 7% ntawm cov koob tshuaj tau tso tawm hauv cov zis, 18-19% tau tso tawm hauv cov zis nyob rau hnub thib peb, thiab tso zis hnub thib yim 21% thiab 19.4% tag nrho cov nyiaj tawm hauv cov quav; tsis hais txog qhov ncauj lossis txhaj tshuaj intramuscular, tsis pub dhau 12 teev, 10% ntawm cov tshuaj raug tso tawm hauv cov quav.
Txog hnub yim, tag nrho cov nyiaj tso tawm hauv cov quav yog txog li 50%, tso zis qis thiab tso zis ntev mus ntev tuaj yeem yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas nafcillin tswj tau cov kab mob ua kom ntev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nafcillin muaj cov protein ntau khi rau cov protein ntau, tab sis muaj qhov cuam tshuam me ntsis rau nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Nws yog acid-resistant thiab enzyme-resistant semi-hluavtaws penicillin. Nws ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov ncauj lossis niam txiv. Nws tseem ruaj khov rau penicillinase. Nafcillin muaj cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb ntawm Staphylococcus tiv taus penicillin g, hemolytic streptococcus thiab viridis streptococcus. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tua kab mob tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob Gram-positive xws li hemolytic streptococcus, viridis streptococcus thiab pneumococcus.
Nafcillin tsim nyog rau penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob penicillin-sensitive kab mob, xws li: sepsis, bacteremia, endocarditis, empyema, mob hauv siab, mob ntsws, osteomyelitis, meningitis, peritonitis, cellulitis, ua npaws liab, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, otitis media , erysipelas, kab mob tso zis, mob ntsws, Tetanus, roj gangrene, anthrax, diphtheria, gonorrhea, gonococcal mob caj dab thiab mob ophthalmia.
Nafcillin yog ib hom tshuaj penicillin semi-synthetic uas tiv taus beta lactamase thiab acid. Nws ruaj khov rau penicillinase thiab muaj cov teebmeem tua kab mob thiab kab mob bactericidal. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob staphylococcal uas tiv taus penicillin thiab lwm yam kab mob bacterial uas rhiab rau penicillin, xws li sepsis, endocarditis, empyema, abscess siab, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, thiab lwm yam. Nws feem ntau yog siv ua qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws nrog tus nqi zoo tshaj 85% rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob Staphylococcus aureus uas tiv taus tshuaj.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov kab mob hauv tsev kho mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj Staphylococcus aureus tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj uas cov kws kho mob feem ntau yuav tsum ntsib, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm txhua tus neeg. Vancomycin , ib zaug hu ua "kab lus kawg" ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tsev kho mob, yeej ib txwm yog kev kho mob zoo rau cov kab mob gram-positive. Txawm li cas los xij, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus tau raug cais tawm hauv ntau lub tebchaws, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob tshiab, yog li ntawd qhov kev thov tsim nyog tau thov·
Thaum xub thawj, Staphylococcus aureus qhov rhiab heev rau penicillin yog siab dua 90%, yog li feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm Staphylococcus aureus. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau, penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus kuj tshwm sim, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob Staphylococcus aureus, xws li tetracycline , erythromycin , thiab lwm yam, kuj tau pom. Yog li ntawd, tau ntev, kev kho mob rau cov kab mob Staphylococcus aureus uas tiv taus tsis tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov DNA molecules, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau muaj tshuaj. Kev muaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev los cais cov kab mob uas tiv taus tshuaj.
Syphilis yog kab mob sib kis los ntawm tus kab mob Treponema pallidum, uas yog kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev. Hauv thawj theem, nws yog kab mob sib kis, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau txhua lub nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho thiab ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob. Qee zaum nws tuaj yeem nyob ntsiag to tau ntau xyoo lossis tseem muaj sia nyob yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim, thiab chav kawm ntawm tus kab mob qeeb.
Tus kab mob no feem ntau kis mus rau lwm tus los ntawm kev sib deev, thiab nws kuj tuaj yeem kis mus rau tiam tom ntej los ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Vim muaj ntau yam tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob syphilis, feem ntau yog cov kab mob uas nyuaj rau kis. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas kho ob qho tib si. Tam sim no, nws tau ua pov thawj tias nafcillin sodium uas yog dav-spectrum, muaj kev nyab xeeb, enzyme-resistant, thiab acid-resistant peb tiam penicillin muaj cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb rau tus kab mob syphilis.
Kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm txoj hnyuv: xeev siab, ntuav, tsis qab los, mob plab, raws plab. Cov uas ua xua rau penicillin yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nws. Qee qhov xwm txheej muaj leukopenia, tawv nqaij ua pob, ua npaws yeeb tshuaj, mob taub hau, thiab ua tsis taus pa. Cov koob tshuaj loj yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb, xws li tsis meej pem, qaug dab peg, thiab qaug dab peg. Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem muaj saj txawv hauv qhov ncauj (xws li saj nws yog xim hlau). Cov tawv nqaij necrosis thiab cov nqaij hauv ib puag ncig puas tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum puas, theem nrab nephritis theem nrab, tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab puas.
Nafcillin yog cov tshuaj yuav tshuaj thiab yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob raws koj qhov mob. Kev tswj tus kheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo: pov tseg cov peev txheej tshuaj, ncua kev mob, tsim kev tiv thaiv, thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau cov tshuaj.
Raws li cov qauv uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), nafcillin yog nyob rau theem B thaum cev xeeb tub: kev tshawb fawb txog kev yug me nyuam ntawm tsiaj tsis qhia txog kev pheej hmoo rau tus menyuam hauv plab, tab sis tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb tsim nyog nrog cov pab pawg tswj hwm tau ua rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
Nafcillin , ib hom tshuaj penicillin semi-synthetic, muaj cov nyhuv tshwj xeeb rau Staphylococcus uas tiv taus Penicillium g. Nws cov dej num tiv thaiv Staphylococcus aureus yog ze rau oxacillin.
Nafcillin yog ib hom beta lactams. BALLYA muab kev kuaj betalactam los qhia rau koj seb puas muaj cov beta lactams seem hauv cov khoom noj mis nyuj uas koj noj txhua hnub.
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