Txhua leej txhua tus paub tias cov taum me me thiab cov noob taum yuav muaj aflatoxin, tab sis koj puas tau xav tias mis nyuj hmoov rau menyuam mos lossis cov laus thiab cov neeg laus ib yam muaj aflatoxin? Qhov ntawd yog nws li cas, aflatoxin tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov legumes thiab cov cereals puas tab sis kuj yog peb cov mis hmoov hauv mis nyuj lag luam, uas muaj qee qhov tshwm sim ntawm muaj aflatoxin. Koj puas tau xav txog vim li cas thiaj muaj aflatoxin hauv cov kua mis? Kev phom sij ntawm aflatoxin yog dab tsi? Dab tsi tuaj yeem ua los tshem tawm nws? Kab lus no yuav muab lus teb rau koj.
1. Wb xub xub paub tias aflatoxin yog dab tsi.
Aflatoxin (AFT) yog chav kawm ntawm cov sib txuas nrog cov qauv tshuaj zoo sib xws, uas yog cov tshuaj dihydrofuran coumarin. Aflatoxin yog cov tshuaj metabolite thib ob uas tsim los ntawm Aspergillus Flavus Parasiticus. Nws yog qhov feem ntau yuav tshwm sim hauv cov zaub mov thiab pub hauv thaj chaw kub thiab noo. Lawv muaj nyob hauv av, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag, txiv ntoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txiv laum huab xeeb, pobkws, txhuv, taum pauv, nplej, thiab lwm yam qoob loo thiab cov khoom siv roj. Lawv yog cov tshuaj lom tshaj plaws mycotoxins, uas yog teeb meem loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Aflatoxin tau muab cais ua ib qho carcinogen hauv zaub mov los ntawm Cancer Research Institute ntawm World Health Organization (WHO) xyoo 1993. Nws yog ib yam tshuaj lom thiab muaj tshuaj lom heev. Aflatoxin tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj puas tsuaj daim siab nqaij thiab txawm tias ua rau mob qog noj ntshav thiab tuag thaum mob hnyav. Ntawm cov khoom noj tsis huv ib txwm muaj, aflatoxin B1 feem ntau. Nws cov tshuaj lom thiab carcinogenicity tseem muaj zog tshaj.
Aflatoxin feem ntau muab faib ua B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, M2, P1, Q, H1, GM. Feem ntau khoom noj siv mis yog aflatoxin M1 thiab M2. M yog cov ntawv luv ntawm cov mis.
2. Dab tsi ua rau aflatoxin muaj rau peb?
Flavomycin yog tshuaj lom heev, 68 npaug tshuaj lom ntau dua li arsenic, thiab nws cov tshuaj lom tsuas yog thib ob rau tshuaj botulinum. Kev noj zaub mov ntau yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav lossis tuag, thaum lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev siv me me ntawm aflatoxin tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav. Cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb yog kev raug mob rau lub siab, xws li mob hepatic parenchymal cell degeneration thiab cirrhosis. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim xws li kev loj hlob qeeb, poob phaus, muaj menyuam tsis taus lossis muaj menyuam yaus tsawg dua tshwm sim hauv tsiaj.
Kev noj zaub mov ntev uas muaj cov ntsiab lus qis ntawm aflatoxin tau suav tias yog qhov ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab lwm yam kab mob. Xyoo 1988, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) tau teev cov aflatoxin B1 ua tib neeg cov carcinogen. Dhau li, aflatoxin thiab lwm yam kab mob ua rau muaj mob (xws li tus kab mob Hepatitis thiab lwm tus muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau kev pib ua rau tib neeg muaj kab mob.
Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov mis nyuj thiab mis nyuj as -ham, vim tias cov hmoov mis nyuj yog cov tshuaj qis qis hauv lub sijhawm ntev, txawm hais tias tsis tuag, tab sis kev noj mus sij hawm ntev yuav ua teeb meem rau lub cev thiab muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav.
3. Vim li cas aflatoxin muaj nyob hauv cov kua mis
Koj yuav xav tsis thoob, puas yog aflatoxin nyob hauv cov noob taum puas? Vim li cas nws thiaj li tshwm sim mis hmoov? Puas yog vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov mis nyuj? yog tias koj tsis noj mis nyuj hmoov, koj yuav tsis tau txais aflatoxin?
Qhov no tsis yog rooj plaub. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm aflatoxin hauv cov kua mis yog mis. Yog tias cov nyuj mis nyuj noj cov khoom noj uas muaj aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B1 yuav hloov pauv mus rau aflatoxin M1 hauv lub cev ntawm cov nyuj nyuj, vim tias qhov kub thiab txias tiv taus ntawm aflatoxin yuav tsis tshem tawm aflatoxin txawm tias nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov mis hmoov tsim. Qhov no ua rau pom muaj aflatoxin hauv cov hmoov mis.
Qhov thib ob yog nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj hmoov cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, lub tshuab ntxuav ntawm lub tuam txhab nyuj tsis tau ua tiav, cov teeb meem organic hauv lub tshuab mildew, yog li ua aflatoxin.
4. Lub teb chaws tus qauv rau aflatoxin hauv cov khoom siv mis nyuj
Tuam Tshoj muaj cov ntsiab lus tso cai siab tshaj plaws ntawm aflatoxin ntawm mis thiab nws cov khoom lag luam (mis nyuj tsis huv, mis nyuj nyoos tshiab, tag nrho cov mis hmoov, cov kua evaporated, cov kua qab zib qab zib) thiab butter cov nqaij npua tshiab (daim siab, raum, ntshav, thiab nqaij ntshiv) yog 0.5 g/kg (aflatoxin M1).
Cov kev cai lij choj tseem ceeb ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Asmeskas tau sau tseg tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm aflatoxin hauv tib neeg kev noj zaub mov, mis nyuj mis thiab mis nyuj pub mis (hais txog tag nrho B1+B2+G1+G2) tsis tuaj yeem ntau dua 15 ug/kg . Cov ntsiab lus ntawm mis nyuj siv los ntawm tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem siab dua 0.5 ug/kg, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm yam tsiaj pub tsis tuaj yeem tshaj 300 ug/kg.
EU lub tebchaws tau tshaj tawm txoj cai nruj nruj rau aflatoxin B1 hauv cov txiv laum huab xeeb thiab txiv ntseej, cov khoom lag luam tiav thiab txhua cov nplej thiab cov khoom ua tiav; M1 nyob rau hauv nyuj nyuj nyoos, mis kho cua sov, thiab ua cov khoom lag luam mis yog 0.050 ug/kg; M1 hauv menyuam mos cov zaub mov (suav nrog mis nyuj mos) yog 0.025 ug/kg.
5. Yuav kuaj thiab tshem tawm aflatoxin li cas?
Aflatoxin yog qhov zoo ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qoob loo thiab cov qoob loo tsis zoo, tsuav yog lawv soj ntsuam yog tias muaj cov qoob loo thiab cov qoob loo tsis zoo. Tab sis nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab hauv qee cov khoom noj tiav ntawm legumes thiab cereals. Tsis tas yuav hais, hauv mis thiab mis hmoov, nws nyuaj rau txiav txim seb cov zaub mov muaj aflatoxin los ntawm qhov muag liab qab lossis txawm tias los ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev txhawm rau txheeb xyuas aflatoxin: txheej txheej chromatography, kua chromatography, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, HPLC, thiab aflatoxin ntawv xeem.
Daim ntawv xeem yog qhov nrawm tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws. Cov aflatoxin kuaj sai ntawv tuaj yeem siv rau qhov kev txiav txim zoo ntawm aflatoxin hauv kev kuaj hauv 5-10 feeb. Cov qauv txheej txheem aflatoxin tuaj yeem siv los kwv yees cov ntsiab lus ntawm aflatoxin, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sim hauv thaj av thiab xaiv ua ntej ntawm ntau qhov piv txwv.
Aflatoxin tiv taus kub thiab acid. Nws tsis tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev ua noj kub. Qhov kub pyrolysis yog 280 C. Yog li yuav ua li cas thiaj ua rau aflatoxin degrade? Aflatoxin hauv cov roj tau noj tau zoo dua qub, thaum aflatoxin M1 hauv mis hmoov yog qhov nyuaj rau txo.
Hmoov zoo, qhov tshwm sim ntawm aflatoxin hauv cov hmoov mis yog qhov tsawg. Thaum xaiv cov hmoov mis, peb yuav tsum tsom mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov mis nyuj tshiab thiab sim xaiv cov hmoov mis nyuj los ntawm cov nyom. Organic yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tus nqi sib xws yuav kim dua. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej, cov hmoov mis kuj tseem tuaj yeem yuav rov qab thiab sim los ntawm koj tus kheej.
