Cov khoom siv lab

Cov khoom siv lab tau siv rau kev tswj hwm thiab ntsuas qhov tseeb, kev tshawb fawb, thiab kev sim hauv chaw sim tshuaj. Labware, tais tais, thiab lauj kaub tais diav yog siv los thauj, khaws, thiab tuav cov khoom hauv lub lab. Lab cov tais diav thiab cov cuab yeej siv los ntsuas, sib xyaw, txheeb xyuas, daws, faib tawm, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv lab meej thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Rooj tog zaum thiab cov khoom siv (lab) xws li nplai, sawv ntsug, centrifuges, thiab lub tshuab tsom me me khaws cov chaw kuaj mob thiab tso cai rau lawv ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv lab tshuaj lom neeg thiab siv tau pab muab kev ntseeg tau, raug qhov tseeb.

Cov khoom siv kuaj sim suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj reagent thiab cov khoom siv tsis yog tshuaj reagent.

Tshuaj reagents, siv cov tshuaj reagents, cov khoom siv txheem, dej lab, microbial kab lis kev cai tshaj tawm, khoom siv, kev daws teeb meem lossis cov khoom sib xyaw npaj los ntawm cov tshuaj reagents, thiab lwm yam.

Cov iav, sim roj, khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau cov twj paj nruag, lim ntawv, cov khoom siv roj hmab, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom siv tshuaj xyuas muaj cov yam ntxwv txaus ntshai xws li tawg, kub hnyiab, tshuaj lom, kis kab mob, xeb, hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Hauv kev thauj mus los, khaws cia, siv thiab pov tseg, nws yooj yim ua rau raug mob lossis tuag, khoom puas tsuaj lossis ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, thiab cov khoom xav tau tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv thiab yooj yim rau tshuaj lom Tshuaj ua "cov khoom txaus ntshai".

Cov tshuaj hauv qab no feem ntau siv Cov khoom siv lab:
1. Hydrochloric acid: hydrochloric acid muaj cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw heev thiab muaj xeb heev. Nws yog qhov hloov pauv heev.
2. concentrated sulfuric acid: concentrated sulfuric acid muaj cov khoom oxidizing muaj zog ntawm qhov siab, uas yog ib qhov sib txawv loj tshaj ntawm nws thiab dilute sulfuric acid. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kuj muaj lub cev qhuav dej, muaj zog oxidation, muaj zog corrosivity, qis qis, acidity, nqus dej, thiab lwm yam.
3. Nitric acid: nitric acid yog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog oxidizing thiab corrosive zog. Nitric acid tsis ruaj khov, thiab nws yuav tawg thaum raug lub teeb lossis cua sov kom tso nitrogen dioxide. Hauv lub raj yas yas sab nrauv (tsis pom zoo), tiv tauj nrog cov neeg txo tus neeg raug txwv tsis pub nruj.
4. Perchloric acid: thawj ntawm rau rau yam tsis muaj zog inorganic acids, hydrate ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj oxide ntawm chlorine. Nws yog xim tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab haus luam yeeb.
5. Hydrofluoric acid: ntshiab, tsis muaj xim, haus luam yeeb thiab muaj cov kua xeb nrog muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab. Nws yog corrosive heev thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus cov hlau, iav thiab cov khoom uas muaj silicon. Nws yuav tsum tau muab ntim rau hauv lub raj mis yas thiab khaws cia hauv qhov chaw txias.
6. Glacial acetic acid: glacial acetic acid (purified), uas yog, anhydrous acetic acid, organic compounds. Nws ua kom khov rau hauv dej khov ntawm qhov kub tsawg, feem ntau hu ua glacial acetic acid. Kev nthuav dav ntim thaum ua kom khov tuaj yeem ua rau lub thawv tawg.
7. Ferrous sulfate: xiav-ntsuab monoclinic muaju los yog hais, tsis muaj ntxhiab. Tiv thaiv huab cua qhuav, saum npoo yog oxidized rau xim av yooj yim ferric sulfate hauv huab cua noo. Soluble hauv dej, yuav luag tsis yaj hauv ethanol. Chim siab. Anhydrous ferrous sulfate yog hmoov dawb, thiab cov dej siv lead ua muaj lub teeb ntsuab ntsuab, feem ntau hu ua "ntsuab alum".
(1) Ferrous sulfate yog siv rau flocculation thiab ntxuav cov dej, nrog rau phosphate tshem tawm hauv nroog thiab cov dej phwj tuaj tsim los tiv thaiv eutrophication ntawm cov dej hauv lub cev.
(2) Muaj ntau cov ferrous sulfate siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev txo qis, feem ntau yog txo cov chromate hauv cov cement.
(3) Kho cov av pH thiab txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj chlorophyll (tseem hu ua hlau chiv).
8. Potassium dichromate: txiv kab ntxwv-liab triclinic siv lead ua los yog koob siv lead ua, soluble hauv dej, tsis yaj hauv ethanol. Me ntsis soluble hauv dej txias, cov kua dej tsis muaj zog acidic thiab yooj yim soluble hauv dej kub. Cov tshuaj lom thiab carcinogenic muaj zog oxidant. Cov kua qaub potassium dichromate tuaj yeem oxidize thiab hloov xim ntawm ethanol los xyuas seb tus neeg tsav tsheb puas qaug cawv.

cov cov khoom siv lab muaj qee yam txaus ntshai. Lawv yuav tsum tau siv nruj me ntsis raws li phau ntawv siv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Yog tias lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab tau muab faib raws li lawv cov haujlwm pabcuam, lawv tuaj yeem faib ua chav qhia kev tshawb fawb thiab chaw tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Qhia lub chaw soj nstuam feem ntau lees paub qhov kev qhia ua haujlwm ntawm cov kawm tiav, thaum tshawb fawb lub chaw soj ntsuam lub luag haujlwm rau Kev cog qoob loo ntawm tus tswv thiab kws kho mob cov tub ntxhais kawm, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog los ua haujlwm tshawb fawb tshawb fawb ntawm cov tebchaws, xeev thiab nroog, thiab txawm tias qee qhov haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb kev koom tes . Cov chaw kuaj mob no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm coob, ntws nrawm, cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo, thiab cov khoom siv sim nyuaj. Cov teeb meem no zoo li yooj yim, tab sis lawv nyuaj heev rau kev tswj hwm.

Cov khoom siv lab yuav tsum tau ua tiav tas li thiab hloov kho tas li, thiab lub chaw sim ua haujlwm tau zoo yuav tsum muaj cov cai thiab txheej txheem rau kev xaiv thiab yuav cov khoom lag luam. Yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem rau kev yuav khoom, kev lees paub thiab khaws cia cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov khoom siv tau ntsig txog kev sim thiab ntsuas ntsuas. Thiab yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv yuav khoom, cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv tau uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev sim zoo thiab/lossis kev ntsuas ntsuas tsuas yog siv rau tom qab lawv tau tshuaj xyuas lossis tshuaj xyuas kom ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb lossis cov tseev kom muaj hauv kev xeem thiab/lossis ntsuas ntsuas txoj kev. Qhov no qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lab kev yuav khoom thiab kev tswj hwm. Hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab lab reagents thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv tau suav nrog kev faib ua feem ntau, qhov zoo uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua tiav lossis tsis ua tiav ntawm kev sim, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm tag nrho cov lab. Feem ntau peb faib cov khoom siv lab rau hauv ob ntu, uas yog cov tshuaj reagents sim thiab khoom siv rau cov twj paj nruag.

Nrog kev nthuav dav tas li ntawm kev tsim kho tsev kawm ntawv thiab kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, tau muaj qib siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke raws li qib siab ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm ntau yam kev qhuab qhia, kev sib koom ua haujlwm sib cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam, thiab nthuav tawm qhov tshiab tas li , muaj kev qhuab qhia thiab tshawb fawb. Cov khoom siv lab kuj tseem muaj teeb meem xws li ntau yam sib txawv, faib zoo, tsim khoom ntau yam, ntau yam tshwj xeeb, khaws cia tau yooj yim, thiab xav tau kev nyab xeeb siab, thiab muaj qib siab raws sijhawm thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau poob. Yog li ntawd, kev coj ua "phau ntawv teev nyiaj" ib txwm tsis hloov pauv mus rau daim ntawv tshiab ntawm kev tswj kev yuav khoom. Yuav ua li cas thiaj teb tau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab kev tswj hwm kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm qib siab cov khoom siv lab nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tshiab, ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv kev qhia thiab tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, thiab txhim kho kev tswj hwm lab kev ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tshawb fawb tau zoo thiab raug ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev sim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb uas tau yooj yim saib xyuas hauv kev tswj hwm lab ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab.

1. Tsim txoj kev npaj yuav khoom:
Laboratories yuav tsum tsim cov phiaj xwm kev yuav khoom thiab ua kev yuav khoom raws li txoj phiaj xwm. Qee lub chaw kuaj mob tsis muaj phiaj xwm yuav khoom thiab txaus siab yuav cov khoom siv ntau dua. Ntawm qhov one tes, lawv nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lees paub, ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv ua rau muaj kev tsis ruaj khov rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.

2. Siv kev yuav khoom:
Tsim thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom, tswj tsawg kawg peb tus neeg xa khoom ntawm tib hom khoom, tshawb xyuas thiab ntsuas qhov tsim nyog, kev ntseeg tau, thiab hom kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam, yog li kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj kev lag luam thiab ntau ntxiv kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum yog thawj zaug; raws li qhov xwm txheej kev yuav khoom, cov neeg xa khoom tau tshuaj xyuas thiab sau tseg tas li, thiab cov khoom lag luam tsim nyog tau xaiv los ntawm kev koom tes ntev.

3. Cov khoom siv lees paub:
Cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj txhij txhua hauv lawv qhov kev lees txais, thiab lawv yuav tsum yog lub hom phiaj. Nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig los tshuaj xyuas cov kev sib txuas uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov kev xeem zoo, thiab tsis suav nrog yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev xeem.
Lub tuam tsev tswj hwm yog lub luag haujlwm lees paub qhov tshwj xeeb, qib kawm, ntau npaum li cas, txee lub neej thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Lub tuam tsev siv yog lub luag haujlwm lees paub qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Thaum lees txais cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, cov ntaub ntawv sib xws yuav tsum tau kos los coj kev lees paub.

4. Khoom siv:
Thaum siv cov khoom siv, chav saib xyuas kev tswj hwm thiab chav haujlwm siv yuav tsum xa cov khoom siv thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev xa khoom. Cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab nruj me ntsis siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev thov siv, ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv, thiab xa rov qab tshaj.

Cov khoom siv hauv tsev qiv ntawv yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntxaws, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa rov qab, yog li cov nyiaj tau zoo ib yam. Sau cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab hloov kho lawv lub sijhawm tiag tiag rau kev siv thiab kev tswj hwm cov neeg ua haujlwm los sab laj.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, lawv tau muab khaws cia cais: cov tshuaj ob zaug raug kaw ob zaug thiab khaws cia cais; cov tshuaj oxidative thiab txo cov tshuaj raug khaws cia cais; organic thiab inorganic tshuaj tau muab tso rau hauv thaj chaw sib cais; cov khib nyiab nyob saum thiab kua nyob hauv qab.
Raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv, teeb tsa cov chaw nyab xeeb, ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev saib xyuas cov chaw ntim khoom ntim khoom, sau cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas, thiab xyuas kom ib puag ncig ua tau raws li qhov xav tau. Ntxiv dag zog rau kev tswj hwm cov khoom txaus ntshai, tshuaj ob zaug thiab ob chav xauv rau kev siv tshuaj, ntsuas thiab siv, thiab xa rov qab tshaj. Qhib hluav taws thiab lwm yam khoom uas tsis siv tau raug txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev rau khoom.

Thaum siv cov khoom siv, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas los tiv thaiv daim ntawv cim npe ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev sib kis thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntawv. Cov uas xav tau tshwj xeeb xav tau rau kev khaws cia yuav tsum ua tau raws qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam; xyuam xim rau lub sijhawm siv khoom siv tau zoo. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau lub sijhawm siv tau. Cov khoom siv dhau lub sijhawm siv tau feem ntau raug kho raws li pov tseg pov tseg txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev siv tsis raug.
Tom qab siv cov tshuaj reagents, lub raj mis lub qhov ncauj yuav tsum raug kaw kom zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm kom tiv thaiv cov tshuaj reagents los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav lossis dhau mus ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig lossis ua rau muaj xwm txheej nyab xeeb. Tom qab siv cov tshuaj reagent fwj tau siv tas, lub raj mis khoob yuav tsum rov qab mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv khoom siv, thiab lub raj mis reagent khoob yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg lossis pov tseg ntawm qhov yuav. Kev npaj tshuaj reagent yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, sau thiab sau npe raws sijhawm.
Siv cov thawv tsim nyog los khaws cov tshuaj reagents. Tsis txhob siv cov raj ntim ntau ntau, cov raj xeem tiav, thiab lwm yam kev khaws cia ntev mus. Cov thooj voos kheej kheej yuav tsum tau kho raws li qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev ntog thiab raug xwm txheej; thaum hloov cov thooj voos kheej kheej, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog kom pom qhov pom ntawm qhov txuas ntawm lub valve.

Lub chaw kuaj mob yuav tsum ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsim nyog thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev tswj cov khoom siv. Kom meej meej xav tau thiab tswj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm khaws khoom thiab siv cov khoom siv, thiab ua kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas tas li. Cob qhia kev coj noj coj ua zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, qhia kev tswj hwm cov khoom siv tshuaj xyuas kom raug thiab tsim nyog, thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sim thiab qhov raug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas.

1. Thermo Fisher Scientific (Tebchaws Asmeskas)
2. Agilent (USA)
3. GE Tuam Tshoj Pawg Kho Mob GE Kev Kho Mob
4. LEICA (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees)
5. Eppendorf (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees)
6. BECKMAN-coulter (TEB CHAWS USA)
7. Invitrogen (Tebchaws Asmeskas)
8. TEDIA (USA)
9. Mori SEN (USA)
10. X-Rite (USA)