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Aflatoxins tau nthuav dav hauv xwm thiab hauv tib neeg lub neej. Txawm koj nug Puas yog txiv laum huab xeeb muaj aflatoxin, cov lus teb yog yuav.
Yog tias ib qho txiv laum huab xeeb tuaj pwm, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom pov tseg tag nrho cov pob aflaoxin txiv laum huab xeeb.
Aflatoxin nyiam nkaum hauv cov khoom noj uas muaj pwm, tshwj xeeb yog cov zaub mov uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Txiv laum huab xeeb tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, hom no carcinogenic pwm feem ntau yuav yug me nyuam.
Ceeb toom: Yog tias txiv laum huab xeeb tuaj pwm, muab pov tseg tag nrho cov txiv laum huab xeeb. Aspergillus flavus tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab mob, thiab cov khoom noj tau yooj yim koom nrog cov kab mob me me.
Yog tias koj noj cov noob taum iab, almonds lossis lwm yam txiv ntoo, koj yuav tsum ntov nws tawm thiab yaug koj lub qhov ncauj, vim tias qhov iab iab ntawm cov noob qoob thiab lwm cov txiv ntoo tuaj ntawm tshuaj aflatoxin ua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm mildew. Kev noj ntau zaus yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav.
Tswv Yim Qhia: Tsis txhob tub nkeeg yog tias koj noj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Nco ntsoov ntuav lawv tam sim ntawd.
Muaj xov xwm hais tias tus neeg siv khoom hauv Zhejiang raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev noj zaub mov dub uas tau tsau rau peb hnub, ua rau ntau lub cev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Tus kws kho mob cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob: Qhov no yog qhov ua rau raug mob hnyav tom qab los ntawm microbial mycotoxins. Fungus yuav tsim tawm aflatoxins, tshuaj penicillin, thiab lwm yam hauv txheej txheem soaking.
Tswv Yim Qhia: Tsau cov pwm ntau npaum li koj xav tau, thiab tsis txhob tsau rau ob peb hnub.
Cov chopsticks lawv tus kheej tsis loj hlob Aspergillus flavus, tab sis tom qab noj pob kws, txiv laum huab xeeb thiab lwm yam khoom noj uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov chopsticks zoo li muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Nws yuav ua rau mob me me nrog lub sijhawm dhau los, uas tsim tawm tshuaj aflatoxin. Cov raj mis liab qab thiab cov lauj kaub lacquered tau yooj yim tawg thiab zais cov zaub mov seem thiab tsim cov tshuaj aflatoxins.
Cov Tswv Yim:
1. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov kav hlau, uas nyuaj rau tawg thiab yuav tsis muaj zaub mov seem.
2. Thaum ntxuav cov pas nrig, nco ntsoov tsau lawv ua ntej kom cov zaub mov seem nyob rau ntawm lawv kom lawv thiaj ntxuav tau yooj yim.
Aflatoxins tau zais rau hauv cov zaub mov tuaj pwm, tshwj xeeb yog txiv laum huab xeeb, pob kws, taum thiab lwm yam khoom noj uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej tuaj yeem tsim aflatoxins uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov Tswv Yim:
A. Yuav tsawg dua txhua lub sijhawm thiab tsis txhob "khaws" kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob.
B. Tu txhua lub ces kaum uas muaj zaub mov seem nyob hauv tsev.
Qee cov neeg siv khoom dig muag nrhiav zaub mov zoo nkauj ntuj, mus rau hauv kev cob qhia me me kom yuav cov khoom lag luam tseem hu los yog nyem cov roj hauv tsev. Txog ob txoj hauv kev rho cov roj no, cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo.
Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom, tseem muaj cov teeb meem hauv qab no hauv "av tshem cov roj" lossis cov roj tawm ntawm nws tus kheej: nws tsis tau ua kom zoo dua qub, uas muaj ntau yam tsis huv, thiab ua rau oxidative puas tsuaj; cov cuab yeej rho tawm cov roj tsis yooj yim los ntxuav kom huv, thiab cov roj seem thiab cov seem uas seem yog oxidized tom qab, tom qab ntawd pwm yuav tshwm sim, thiab zaub mov kev ruaj ntseg kev pheej hmoo yuav tsis tsim nyog; ntxiv rau, thiab kev siv cov peev txheej qis yuav ua rau muaj pov tseg ntau.
Tswv Yim Qhia: Mus rau lub khw loj loj kom yuav cov khoom lag luam uas paub zoo.
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm aflatoxin hauv cov mis nyuj yog tej dej. Yog tias cov nyuj mis nyuj noj cov khoom noj uas muaj aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B1 yuav hloov pauv mus rau aflatoxin M1 hauv lub cev ntawm cov nyuj nyuj, vim tias qhov kub thiab txias tiv taus ntawm aflatoxin yuav tsis tshem tawm aflatoxin txawm tias nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov mis hmoov tsim. Qhov no ua rau pom muaj aflatoxin hauv cov hmoov mis.
Qhov thib ob yog nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj hmoov cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, lub tshuab ntxuav ntawm lub tuam txhab nyuj tsis tau ua tiav, cov teeb meem organic hauv lub tshuab mildew, yog li ua aflatoxin.
A. Puas tuaj yeem tua aflatoxin los ntawm tshav kub?
Aflatoxins tuaj yeem tsuas yog decomposed ntawm qhov kub siab ntawm 280 degrees, thiab txoj kev ua noj ua haus tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov ntsuas kub no. Ib qho ntxiv, txawm tias pasteurization tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm aflatoxins hauv zaub mov.
B. Tshav ntuj tuaj yeem tua aflatoxin
Aflatoxins tuaj yeem tiv taus hluav taws xob ultraviolet, yog li tshav ntuj tsis tuaj yeem tua aflatoxins. Yog lawm, lub txee rau tshuaj tua kab mob tsis muaj kev vam nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm aflatoxins.
C. Dej cawv tuaj yeem tua aflatoxin
Aflatoxin yog tshuaj lom tsim los ntawm Aspergillus flavus. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nrauv. Cawv tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws.
A. So hauv baking soda
Vim tias aflatoxin yog ib qho yooj yim rau decompose nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline, soaking nrog ci dej qab zib (1% sodium bicarbonate) ib pliag tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntau dua 90% ntawm aflatoxin. Ntau aflatoxins tau txuas rau saum npoo, thiab ntxuav ob peb zaug tuaj yeem tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm cov pwm. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas kub ntawm lub tshuab ua kom siab yog qhov siab, yog li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tshem tawm aflatoxin yog qhov zoo.
B. Qhib cov txheej txheem carbon adsorption
Cov pa roj carbon activated muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev nqus tau cov tshuaj lom, thiab nws tsis muaj kev phiv rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws tau qhwv rau hauv cov ntim ua pa, uas tuaj yeem tso cov khoom uas xav tau tshem tawm ntawm aflatoxin nrog cov pa roj carbon activated. Qhov kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom no yog qhov zoo. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov aflatoxin b 1 ntawm cov txiv laum huab xeeb kho nrog cov pa roj carbon activated tuaj yeem txo los ntawm 100μg/kg rau tsawg dua 10μg/kg. Muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hom tshiab ntawm cov adsorbents, xws li cov tshuaj lom neeg nqus tau, tab sis lawv daim ntawv thov cuam tshuam tseem yuav raug tshawb xyuas.
C. Ntxiv ntsev ua ntej cua sov roj
Kev ua me me ua ntej ua noj tuaj yeem pab tshem tawm qee yam ntawm aflatoxin. Yog peb ntxiv siv roj xws li cov txiv laum huab xeeb rau hauv lub lauj kaub thiab ua kom sov nws, ntxiv me ntsis ntsev thiab do rau 10 txog 20 vib nas this, uas yuav pib tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm aflatoxin hauv cov khoom noj tau. Qhov nruab nrab thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm aflatoxin tuaj yeem paub los ntawm cov lus ntsev. Thiab ua li no, nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm 95% ntawm aflatoxin.
D. Ntxuav mov ntau zaus
Nplej yog ib qho ntawm cov zaub mov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tsev neeg, thiab aflatoxin feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov nplej thiab txheej txheej ntawm cov nplej. Yog li ntawd, thaum ntxuav cov nplej, txhuam nws nrog koj txhais tes thiab ntxuav cov mov ntau zaus. Sim muab cov nplej tso rau hauv lub tshuab ua kom siab kom tshem tau cov co toxins uas muaj zoo.
E. Muab pov tseg
Yog tias koj tsis xav kom muaj kev pheej hmoo, thov muab cov khoom pov tseg tam sim ntawd thaum nws tuaj pwm. Txawm tias tsuas muaj pwm me me, pov tseg tag nrho.
Noj zaub ntsuab ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau ib feem ntawm aflatoxin tsis zoo uas peb noj tsis tau, vim tias chlorophyll tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nqus ntawm aflatoxin.
Kev sim tsiaj tau lees paub tias tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav tau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav nas. Qhov tshwm sim tsawg ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv ib feem ntawm South America muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov txiv duaj. Qee cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias cov txiv duaj yuav muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav ntxov.
Muaj ntau cov vitamin C hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kiwi tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis txo qis kev tsim cov dawb radicals, thiab muaj qee yam pab cuam tiv thaiv kev mob qog noj ntshav. Ib qho ntxiv, vitamin C tseem tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj interferon, yog li ua kom lub cev muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav. Kiwi txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tsim cov carcinogenic nitrosamines hauv lub cev, thiab muaj qee qhov cuam tshuam tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav hauv plab.
Ntsiab Cai:
Txo qhov kub kom txwv qhov kev loj hlob thiab rov tsim dua ntawm cov kab mob me me, ncua ntau yam tshuaj lom biochemical hauv cov zaub mov thiab kab mob, thiab txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam enzymes los ntawm kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ncua lub txee. Feem ntau, cov kab mob me me feem ntau nyuaj rau rov tsim dua hauv qab 10 ° C, thiab yuav luag nres kev loj hlob ntawm -10 ° C.
Ceev faj:
A. Thaum khaws cov zaub, tsis txhob kov cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub tub yees kom tsis txhob khov cov zaub, ua kom cov zaub mov tsis zoo, thiab qhov txhab yuav ua rau cov zaub mov tsis zoo.
B. Cov zaub mov yuav tsum tau ntim rau hauv hnab me me kom nkag tau yooj yim thiab zam kev kis kab mob sib kis. Piv txwv li, yog tias ntau hom zaub ntsuab tau ntim rau hauv lub hnab loj, ob peb nplooj tawg tuaj yeem kis tau tag nrho cov zaub ntsuab, thiab lwm yam zaub ntsuab yuav rot sai. Tsis muaj teeb meem zoo li no hauv hnab me me.
C. Thaum koj muab cov khoom noj tso rau hauv lub tub yees txheej, lub hnab me me xav tau ntau dua. Ua ntej, nws nyuaj rau faib thaum noj mov. Qhov thib ob, khov khov nres kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Thaum cov txheej txheem yaj, qhov kub nce thiab cov kab mob pib rov ua dua. Rov ua dua kom khov-txias yuav ua rau cov zaub mov puas yooj yim dua thiab tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia tau ntau lub hlis.
D. Lub tub yees tsis tua kab mob. Yog li ntawd, lub tub yees yog qhov chaw sib sau ua ke rau cov kab mob. Cov khoom noj tawm ntawm lub tub yees yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ncaj qha. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav, ua tiav lossis ua kom sov.
E. Thaum noj txiv kab ntxwv qaub thiab txiv kab ntxwv, koj tuaj yeem tso lawv tev thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees. Nws yog ntuj deodorant.
Ntsiab Cai:
Ntsev los yog qab zib nkag rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, txo cov dej hauv cov zaub mov, thiab ua kom nws cov osmotic siab. Xaiv tswj kev loj hlob thiab fermentation ntawm cov kab mob me me, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob lwj, tiv thaiv zaub mov tsis zoo thiab ua kom ntev lub sijhawm khaws cia tuaj yeem paub.
Feem ntau hais lus, thaum ntsev ntau dua 1%, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob me me yuav tsis cuam tshuam; thaum lub siab yog 1%-3%, kev ua haujlwm lub cev ntawm cov kab mob me me yuav raug cuam tshuam. Thaum lub siab mus txog 6%-8%, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, botulinum, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tsis txhob loj hlob; thaum qhov siab tshaj 10%, feem ntau ntawm bacilli yuav tsis loj hlob ntxiv lawm. Cocci yuav tsum raug txwv thaum cov tshuaj ntsev nce mus txog 15%, staphylococci yuav tsum raug tua thaum cov ntsev nce mus txog 20%, thiab cov kab mob yuav tsum tau txwv thaum cov ntsev nce mus txog 20%-25%.
Piv txwv li, cov dej ntsev ntawm Sichuan kimchi muaj qhov siab ntawm 25%-28%.
Ceev faj:
A. Pickling tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm khaws khoom noj, tab sis kev puas tsuaj ntawm vitamin C yog qhov hnyav, thiab cov ntsev thiab piam thaj cov ntsiab lus kuj siab heev, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem noj ua zaub mov tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws pab zom zaub mov tom qab fermentation thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsw. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias koj noj qee zaus.
B. Thaum zaub tau khaws los ntawm kev zom, raws li qhov ua ntawm cov kab mob me me, nitrate yuav hloov pauv mus ua nitrite, thiab nws yuav mus txog qhov siab tshaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 7 hnub. Tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus nitrite yuav poob dua. Tom qab kwv yees li 20 hnub, cov ntsiab lus nitrite txo qis thiab tseem ruaj khov. Yog li, thaum khaws cov zaub mov zoo li kimchi, noj nws hauv ib lossis ob hnub lossis tos 20 hnub ua ntej noj mov.
Ntsiab Cai:
Kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me yog sib cais los ntawm dej. Thaum cov dej noo noo qis dua ib qib, kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me yuav raug txwv thiab txawm tias tuag.
Qhuav thiab lub cev qhuav dej yuav ua rau poob ntau cov vitamin C thiab ib feem ntawm cov dej-soluble vitamins, tab sis tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig kev noj haus tsis txo qis ntau, thiab nws yuav yooj yim dua rau khaws.
Ntsiab Cai:
Cov txheej txheem lub neej yooj yim ntawm cov kab mob me me yog khoom noj khoom haus thiab ua pa. Hauv ib puag ncig lub tshuab nqus tsev, cov pa oxygen hauv lub hnab ntim qis. Hauv ib puag ncig tsis muaj oxygen, kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov kab mob aerobic yuav raug txwv. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, yog tias cov pa oxygen tsawg dua 0.5%-1.0%, kev loj hlob ntawm cov pwm yuav nres. Qhov thib ob, cov dej noo nyob hauv ib puag ncig lub tshuab nqus tsev tsawg. Lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem muab ib puag ncig nrog cov av qis heev. Cov kab mob me me yuav plam lawv cov neeg nyob thaum lawv tsis muaj dej, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txuas lub txee lub neej.
Nco ntsoov:
A. Thov xyuam xim thaum xaiv lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qee lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem nqus lub hnab ib zaug xwb. Lub hnab siv hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev no muaj qhov xav tau tsawg. Cov hnab nqus tsev zoo li qub, hnab yin thiab yaj, thiab hnab electrostatic tuaj yeem siv tau; qee lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem ib txhij nqus ob peb lub hnab. Cov hnab siv los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev no muaj qhov xav tau ntau dua, thiab yuav tsum muaj lub hnab nqus tshwj xeeb.
B. Qee lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem tso cov zaub mov qhuav, xws li taum, nplej, txiv ntseej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, thiab lwm yam; qee lub tshuab nqus tsev tau siv rau lub hom phiaj qhuav thiab ntub dej, thiab tseem tuaj yeem nqus qee cov khoom noj uas muaj dej noo lossis hmoov, xws li zaub mov ua los ntawm cov dej qab zib tshiab, hmoov txuj lom, thiab lwm yam. Xaiv raws li koj xav tau.
C. Kev khaws zaub mov tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai.
D. Thaum lub tshuab nqus tsev ntim tau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog sab nraud, nws yooj yim kom xau huab cua, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev yuav raug tso tawm. Thaum pom qhov xau, lub ntim khoom yuav tsum tau hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm, thiab koj yuav tsum rov nqus, lossis noj nws sai li sai tau kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj. E. Qee cov khoom noj muaj cov npoo loj thiab cov ces kaum, thiab cov nqus nqus yuav tsis zoo, xws li taum, qab zib xim av, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias lub tshuab nqus tsev tau ua tiav, xyuam xim rau kev soj ntsuam thiab daws qhov txawv txav hauv lub sijhawm.
xaus
Aflatoxin ib txwm tshwm hauv qhov chaw uas koj tsis tau pom dua. Txoj kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob ntsib nws yog tsis yog yuav khoom noj thiab roj rau kev ntshaw kom tau txais txiaj ntsig me me, tsis txhob dig muag nrhiav zaub mov ntuj lossis tsis muaj zaub mov ntxiv thiab nyem roj los ntawm koj tus kheej lossis mus rau kev cob qhia me me kom yuav roj.
Thaum kawg, ntxuav koj lub tsev kom huv si thiab tsis txhob ua daim tawv nqaij. Muaj lus hais tias: "Penny txawj ntse, phaus ruam." Yog tias koj pom cov zaub mov tuaj pwm lossis cov tais diav hauv tais ntoo, yuav tsum tsis txhob maj muab pov tseg. Tom qab tag nrho, $ 10 cov tais diav yog pheej yig dua li kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj noj aflatoxin? Tsuas yog mus rau tom tsev kho mob hauv zos mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Xav paub cov khoom noj twg muaj ochratoxin A?
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