Colloidal kub immunochromatography (GICA) hais txog txheej txheem txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej sai uas siv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke cov xim kub sib xyaw ua ke, thev naus laus zis tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab thev naus laus zis chromatography siv nitrocellulose membrane ua tus nqa khoom.
Lub hauv paus yog siv cov nitrocellulose membrane ua cov khoom thauj khoom ruaj khov, thiab cov qauv piv txwv ua luam dej ntawm cov kab mob chromatography los ntawm kev ua capillary; tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv hauv cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv chromatographic tau hais ncaj qha rau tus neeg txais tus qauv (xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob lossis antigen). Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob nrog qhov tshwj xeeb siab thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim. Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem chromatography, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau ua kom zoo lossis raug rau qee thaj chaw (thaj chaw kuaj pom) ntawm cov khoom siv chromatography. Cov xim kub colloidal tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas ncaj qha hauv lub sijhawm luv. (Tsis pub dhau 5 ~ 10min) sib sau ua ke thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig kev sim sim.
Nws tsis tas yuav cais cov ntawv khi los ntawm daim ntawv dawb, yog li tsis muaj qhov nyuaj xws li thauj khoom thiab ntxuav cov kauj ruam zoo li hauv Elisa sim. Cov thev naus laus zis no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim thiab nrawm, qhov ntsuas pom tau meej thiab nkag siab, thiab tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb (lossis tsuas yog cov cuab yeej yooj yim) xav tau, uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev sim sai ntawm qhov chaw. Kub-sau lo lus colloidal kub immunochromatography tau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li qhov loj me me ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam: ob-tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyuaj nyuaj txoj kev thiab txoj kev sib tw. Txoj kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj molecular loj, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev muaj zog nkag siab thiab nkag siab tau zoo, thaum txoj kev sib tw yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kuaj pom cov tshuaj me me.
Nrog rau qhov loj-loj thiab txhim kho kev txhim kho ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tsiaj txhu, kev tsim kev puas tsuaj ntawm tsiaj kis kab mob rau kev lag luam yug me nyuam tau nce zuj zus. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tiav kev tshawb nrhiav sai txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab tswj hwm lub sijhawm tau dhau los ua qhov txuas tseem ceeb. Cov tsos ntawm cov txheej txheem kub colloidal kub chromatography thev naus laus zis ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav tau.
Colloidal kub kuj hu ua nano kub, yog qhov raug tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom kub uas tau tsim tom qab cov ntsev kub tau txo mus rau qhov qub kub. Cov xim kub sib xyaw ua ke yog tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kub yooj yim (atomic gold Au) thiab ob txheej txheej ion uas nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm txheej txheej sab nrauv. Cov txheej sab hauv ntawm cov ions tsis zoo (AuC12-) txuas nrog rau saum npoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kub. , Txhawm rau tswj hwm lub xeev raug tshem tawm ntawm colloidal kub dawb ntawm sols. Feem ntau, cov xim kub colloidal qis dua 30 nm feem ntau yog kheej kheej, thiab cov loj colloidal kub hais feem ntau yog elliptical.
Peb muab colloidal kub hais xws li qhov loj ntawm 10 nm txog 80 nm. Cov kub me me tau raug tshem tawm hauv cov kua ua kom ruaj khov, sib luag thiab hauv ib lub xeev uas tau tawg mus ua cov kua kub colloidal. Colloidal kub yog li muaj ntau yam khoom ntawm colloids, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rhiab rau electrolytes. Cov electrolyte tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov txheej dej kom ruaj khov ntawm cov xim kub colloidal, yog li ua rau lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm cov colloid, thiab ua rau cov dispersed ib qho me me ntawm cov kub kom sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov loj loj thiab ua rau cov dej ntws tawm. Qee cov tshuaj macromolecular xws li cov protein muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv kub colloidal thiab ua kom nws ruaj khov.
Cov xim ntawm colloidal kub yog lwm lub ncauj lus uas txhua tus txhawj xeeb txog. Feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom lag luam kub colloidal yog xim xim sib sib zog nqus "liab caw" lossis ze rau ntshav zoo ib yam li lwm cov khoom lag luam kub colloidal. Thaum mloog zoo x10, nws yog xim av daj los yog xim av. Qhov tseeb, muaj qee qhov sib txawv hauv cov xim colloids ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Qhov me me colloidal kub (2-5 nm) yog txiv kab ntxwv-daj, qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab colloidal kub (10-20 nm) yog burgundy, thiab cov loj-particle colloidal kub (30-80 nm) yog ntshav liab.
Colloidal kub muaj ib lub teeb pom kev siab tshaj hauv qhov pom pom ntau. Lub nthwv dej (axmax) ntawm lub ncov nqus lub teeb no yog nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 510-550nm, uas txawv nrog qhov loj me ntawm cov xim sib xyaw xim kub. Λmax ntawm colloidal kub nyhav kom luv dua nthwv dej.
Kev npaj ntawm colloidal kub feem ntau siv txoj kev txo qis. Chloroauric acid (HauC14) yog cov khoom tseem ceeb txo qis. Feem ntau siv cov tshuaj txo qis yog sodium citrate, tannic acid, ascorbic acid, dawb phosphorus, sodium borohydride, thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev npaj siv feem ntau yog txoj kev txo citrate.