Cephalosporins yog cov lus dav dav rau cephalosporin tshuaj tua kab mob. Cephalosporins yog chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau txais los ntawm kev hloov pauv ib nrab ntawm cov saw sab ntawm ntuj cephalosporin C tau los ntawm kev cog qoob loo Cephalosporins.
Muaj kwv yees li 30 hom uas nquag siv, uas tau muab faib ua ib, ob, peb, plaub, thiab tsib tiam raws li lub sijhawm lawv tsim thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob cephalosporin muaj feem sib koom loj, thiab lawv cov tshuaj nruab nrab cuam tshuam tseem qhia txog kev muaj peev xwm ua lag luam. Cephalosporin cov tshuaj tua kab mob nrov tshaj plaws muaj xws li ceftriaxone sodium, cefazolin sodium, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone thiab cefuroxime (ester), thiab lwm yam.Qhov nruab nrab sib xws suav nrog 7-ACA, 7- ADCA, GCLE, Axamic acid, AE-active ester, triazine nplhaib, tetrazolium acetic acid, thiotetrazole, HO-EPCP, methoxyamine hydrochloride, furan amine ntsev (SIMA) thiab chlorosulfonic acid isocyanate, thiab lwm yam.
cov cephalosporin cov khoom sib xyaw tau muab rho tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1948 los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Italian Giuseppe Brotzu los ntawm cephalosporin hauv cov dej ntws ntawm Sardinia. Nws tshawb pom tias cov acremonium zais qee yam tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem tiv taus tus kab mob typhoid bacillus uas ua rau mob khaub thuas. Lub Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Oxford tau ua tiav rho tawm cephalosporin C, uas ruaj khov rau beta lactamase cov, tab sis nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig txaus rau kev siv tshuaj kho mob. Clavulanic acid yog ib yam tshiab uas muaj cov pa oxygen beta lawm tshuaj tua kab mob ua los ntawm Streptomyces.
Lub ntsiab ntawm cephalosporin yog 7-aminocephalosporin (7-ACA kom luv), uas yog muab los ntawm cephalosporin C thiab tau lees paub tias zoo ib yam li cov tub ntxhais ntawm tshuaj penicillin (piv txwv li. 6-aminopenicillanic acid, 6-APA). Cov saw sab ntawm 7-ACA tau hloov pauv thiab qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig tau txais. Thawj cephalothin tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Eli Lilly xyoo 1964.
Cephalosporins tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov chaw hauv lub cev. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj ntau yam ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev, tsuav tus kab mob pathogenic nkag siab cephalosporins, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau. Nws yog hom kab mob tua kab mob, uas txhais tau tias yog cov tshuaj txaus, nws tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob, tsis zoo li cov kab mob bacteriostatic zoo li tshuaj tetracycline, erythromycin tshuaj, Thiab chloramphenicol. Yog li ntawd, cephalosporins tuaj yeem siv rau kev kis mob hnyav ntxiv.
Vim tias cov yam ntxwv saum toj no, cephalosporins muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua hauv kev kho mob.
Raws li cephalosporin muaj ntau qhov zoo, cov neeg mob thiab kws kho mob txhua tus nyiam nws. Thaum tus neeg mob muaj tus kab mob lossis ua npaws, tsis hais hom kab mob zoo li cas, lawv siv cephalosporin ua ntej, tshwj xeeb yog cephalosporin thib peb tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb nrog tus nqi qis. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim txom tau tshwm sim yav dhau los.
Hauv tsib xyoos dhau los, ntau cov kab mob tsis zoo xws li Escherichia coli thiab cov kab mob pneumoniae uas nyuaj rau kho nrog cephalosporium tiam thib peb tau tshwm sim hauv Suav teb.
Qhov nthuav dav-spectrum beta lactamase cov tsim los ntawm cov kab mob no tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cephalosporins thiab tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv Shanghai, kev faib ua feem ntawm cov kab mob tiv taus kab mob thib peb cephalosporin, xws li Escherichia coli thiab pneumoniae cov kab mob, suav txog 10%-40%. Cephalosporins feem ntau siv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no tau ua rau tsis muaj zog ntau, thiab kev kis mob los ntawm cov kab mob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no nyuaj kho mob.
Ntau tus neeg mob yuav nug lawv tus kws kho mob kom muab tshuaj cephalosporins txhaj rau lawv txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom rov zoo thaum ntxov. Qhov no tsis tsim nyog. Txawm hais tias yuav siv cephalosporin, lossis siv nws txoj hlab ntshav lossis qhov ncauj nyob ntawm tus kws kho mob qhov kev txiav txim siab.
Thaum ua ntawv thov cephalosporins, yuav tsum muaj kev sib pauv. Yog tias kis tau tus mob me me, yuav tsum tau xaiv qhov ncauj. Muaj kev npaj qhov ncauj rau cephalosporins ntawm txhua tiam. Yog tias kis tau tus mob hnyav, tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txhaj tshuaj.
Thiab cov tshuaj txau dej zoo dua li txhaj tshuaj bolus. Vim li cas qhov no? Qhov no yog vim cephalosporin kuj tuaj yeem tsim kev phiv tshuaj. Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj qhov tsis haum tshuaj hnyav lossis lwm yam kev phom sij tsis zoo rau nws, thiab txhaj tshuaj bolus, tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav sai thiab kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem tso tseg kev tswj hwm. Tab sis yog tias koj xaiv cov dej ntws tawm, txawm tias cov dej ntws nrawm, thaum tus neeg mob muaj qhov tsis zoo, qhov kev tso dej nrawm tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb tam sim ntawd, thiab lub raj tuaj yeem raug kaw tam sim kom txiav txoj haujlwm.
Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lwm yam tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob sib xyaw ua ke, txawm tias lawv yog ob qho tshuaj tua kab mob. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus neeg mob tau txais kev tso dej tawm ntawm ob lub tshuaj tua kab mob, cephalosporin thiab gentamicin, nws tsis raug tso cai muab ob lub tshuaj tso rau hauv tib lub raj mis rau infusion tib lub sijhawm. Vim tias lub cev thiab tshuaj yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob sib txawv.
Yog tias lawv tau ntxiv ua ke, tej zaum cov xim tseem tsis hloov pauv, thiab tsis muaj nag lossis daus, tab sis qhov tseeb lawv yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam, txo lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, lossis tseem tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw tshiab uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub cev. Yog li, daim ntawv thov tshuaj tua kab mob yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj cais, thiab ob lub tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv tib lub sijhawm.
Tsis txhob noj tshuaj ua ntej lossis tom qab haus cawv, lossis poob siab thiab tsaus muag tshwm sim tau yooj yim. Cov neeg laus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej.
Cephalosporin thiab cawv tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li disulfiram. Disulfiram yog tshuaj rau kev haus cawv. Tom qab noj cov tshuaj no, txawm tias koj haus cawv me me, koj lub cev yuav hnov mob hnyav.
Cov txheej txheem zom zaub mov ntawm ethanol hauv lub cev tuaj yeem piav qhia yooj yim xws li: thawj oxidized rau acetaldehyde hauv lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej nrog kev pab ntawm cov enzymes cuam tshuam. Disulfiram thiab lwm yam tshuaj zoo sib xws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv aldehyde cuam tshuam nrog cov enzymes thaum noj nrog cawv, sau acetaldehyde hauv lub cev ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev. Nws qhov hnyav yog ncaj qha sib piv rau qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj thiab qhov haus cawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no hnyav dua rau cov neeg laus, menyuam yaus, cov neeg mob plawv thiab kab mob hauv lub plawv, thiab cov uas nkag siab rau ethanol, thiab feem ntau tshwm sim 15-30 feeb tom qab siv tshuaj thiab haus dej.
Cov tsos mob ntawm kev cuam tshuam zoo li disulfiram yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, xws li lub ntsej muag yaug qhov muag, qhov muag sib txuas, tsis pom kev, kiv taub hau, kiv taub hau, xeev siab, ntuav, tawm hws, mob hauv siab, mob myocardial infarction, mob plawv tsis ua haujlwm, ua tsis taus pa, mob siab raug mob, qaug dab peg thiab tuag, lwm yam.
Yog li, yam tshuaj twg siv nrog cawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo li disulfiram?
A. Cephalosporin tshuaj
Cefoperazone, Cefoperazone thiab Sulbactam, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin (Pioneer Ⅴ), Cefradine (Pioneer Ⅵ), Cefmetazole, Cefminol, Laoxycephalosporin, Cefmenoxime, Cefazolin Meng Duo, Cefamine (Pioneer IV), Cefaclor, thiab lwm yam. ntawm lawv, cefoperazone thiab sulbactam yog qhov rhiab tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo li disulfiram. Yog tias tus neeg mob noj liqueur chocolate, Huoxiang Zhengqi dej, lossis tseem kho cov tawv nqaij raug mob nrog cawv ib leeg tom qab noj cov tshuaj no, yuav muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li disulfiram. Ib qho ntxiv, muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev cuam tshuam zoo li disulfiram tshwm sim los ntawm ceftazidime.
B. Nimidazole tshuaj xws li metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, secnidazole.
C. Lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob: furazolidone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, thiab lwm yam.
Ntxiv nrog rau cawv, cov neeg uas siv cephalosporins kuj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau Huoxiang Zhengqi Dej. Huoxiangzhengqi dej muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag thiab ua haujlwm zoo, thiab ua haujlwm sai, uas cuam tshuam nrog 40% -50% cawv hauv nws. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau "Huoxiangzhengqi dej".
Qee tus neeg yuav xav tsis thoob, yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cawv thaum noj tshuaj? Cov lus teb yog "tsis yog." Tom qab noj cov tshuaj, lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txwv cawv yuav tsum tau hnyav raws li nws tus kheej.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas cuam tshuam, disulfiram zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim los ntawm cephalosporin tshuaj tua kab mob muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev haus cawv, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej vim tias cov metabolism hauv cawv thiab tshuaj sib txawv, tab sis ntev npaum li cas ntawm kev haus cawv thiab tshuaj, txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev phiv tshuaj.
Kev tshuaj xyuas pom tau pom tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li disulfiram tuaj yeem tshwm sim 5 hnub ua ntej siv tshuaj, thaum siv tshuaj, lossis tsis pub dhau 7 hnub tom qab siv tshuaj, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj disulfiram zoo li tshwm sim thaum noj tshuaj. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tseem muaj cov lus ceeb toom ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim tom qab haus ib lub lis piam tom qab siv tshuaj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam zoo li disulfiram, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj siv cov tshuaj no tsis pub dhau xya hnub tom qab haus dej haus cawv, thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cawv hauv xya hnub tom qab siv tshuaj. Lub sijhawm tiv thaiv yuav tsum yog 14 hnub los daws qhov kev txhawj xeeb. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li disulfiram tshwm sim, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau nres tam sim ntawd thiab yuav tsum tau kho txoj kev kho kom haum.
Peb yuav ua dab tsi yog cov phooj ywg nyob ib puag ncig peb ntsib qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws? Qhia nws kom tsis txhob siv tshuaj thiab cov khoom muaj cawv nyob rau lub sijhawm, thov kom tus neeg mob yoog raws kab rov tav kom nws ua pa tau du. Cov me me tuaj yeem daws sai sai, thiab qhov hnyav dua yuav tsum raug xa mus rau lub tsev kho mob ze tshaj tam sim.
Cephalosporin tau siv dav hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias kev sib xyaw ntawm cephalosporin thiab cawv feem ntau ua teeb meem thiab qee zaum ua rau tuag taus. Yog li, ib yam li tsis haus cawv thaum tsav tsheb, yuav tsum tsis txhob haus cawv thaum noj tshuaj.
BALLYA muab a Betalactam cephalexin combo test kit los qhia koj yog tias muaj cov beta lactams seem thiab cephalosporin seem hauv cov khoom siv mis uas koj noj txhua hnub.
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