Chloramphenicol yog dawb los yog tsis muaj xim zoo li rab koob los yog flaky siv nrog qhov yaj ntawm 149.7 ~ 150.79C. Nws yooj yim soluble hauv methanol, ethanol, propanol thiab ethyl acetate, me ntsis soluble hauv ether thiab chloroform, thiab tsis yaj hauv roj av ether. Thiab benzene. Chloramphenicol yog qhov ruaj khov heev, thiab nws cov kua dej yuav tsis poob tom qab 5 teev ntawm kev rhaub.
Chloramphenicol hom kev ua
70S ribosome ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov cell rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein, thiab nws suav nrog ob lub subunits, 50S thiab 30S. Chloramphenicol thim rov qab khi rau 50S subunit txhawm rau thaiv qhov kev ua ntawm transpeptidylase thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov amino acid-tRNA davhlau ya nyob twg khi nrog 50S subunit, yog li cuam tshuam qhov tsim ntawm peptide saw tshiab thiab cuam tshuam cov protein synthesis. Txij li thaum chloramphenicol tseem tuaj yeem khi rau 70S ntawm tib neeg mitochondria, nws tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov protein synthesis ntawm tib neeg mitochondria, ua rau muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg lub cev. Vim tias kev khi ntawm chloramphenicol rau 70S ribosomes tuaj yeem thim rov qab, nws tau txiav txim siab tias yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob bacteriostatic, tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob rau qee cov kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj ntau ntau, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv tau zoo tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas bacilli ntawm qis dua. Ua cov kab mob tua kab mob.
Chloramphenicol synthesis
Cov synthesis siv p-nitroacetophenone ua raw khoom, bromination ua p-nitro-α-bromoacetophenone, thiab tom qab salting nrog cyclohexamethylenetetramine, nws tau hydrolyzed nrog hydrochloric acid kom tau p-nitro-α-aminobenzene Ethyl ketone hydrochloride, acetylated nrog tom qab ntawd ua kua nrog formaldehyde, hydroxymethylated kom tau p-nitro-α-acetamido-β-hydroxypropiophenone, thiab txo qis nrog aluminium isopropoxide kom tau (±) threanose Type-1-p-nitrophenyl-2-acetamidopropanediol, hydrolyzed nrog hydrochloric acid kom tshem tawm acetyl pawg, thiab nruab nrab nrog alkali kom tau txais (±) threose-1-p-nitrophenyl-2-aminopropanediol (amino D (-)-thraose-type amino compound tau txais los ntawm kev daws teeb meem los ntawm cov txheej txheem crystallization, thiab thaum kawg tau los ntawm dichloroacetylation.
Chloramphenicol siv li cas?
Chloramphenicol cov lus qhia
1. Mob khaub thuas thiab lwm yam Salmonella kis kab mob; 2. Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis lossis Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis meningitis, rhiab Gram-negative meningitis hauv cov neeg mob ua xua rau penicillin 3. Lub paj hlwb, tshwj xeeb yog otogenic, feem ntau yog sib xyaw kab mob ntawm cov kab mob aerobic thiab anaerobic. 4. Cov kab mob anaerobic hnyav; 5. Tsis muaj lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom tuaj yeem siv los kho ntau yam mob hnyav uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab; 6. Kev kis tus kab mob Rickettsia tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob Q ua npaws, Rocky Mountain pom kub taub hau, mob qog noj ntshav thiab lwm yam.
Kev siv tshuaj Chloramphenicol
1. Qhov ncauj: 0.5g rau cov neeg laus, ib zaug txhua 6 teev. Thawj koob tshuaj loj tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob ua npaws. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau thov txuas ntxiv rau 2-3 hnub tom qab lub cev kub cev ib txwm los tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob rov tshwm sim. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tsis ntau tshaj 26g. Cov menyuam yaus ib hnub 25 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav ~ 50 mg, faib tshuaj ib zaug txhua 6 teev. Kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular lossis tso dej tso dej: 1 hnub ntim: 0.5-1g, faib ua 2 qhov kev txhaj tshuaj. Dilute nrog kua, 1 chloramphenicol (250 mg) nrog tsawg kawg 100ml ntawm diluent. 2. Qhov muag poob: 1-2 tee txhua lub sijhawm, 3-5 zaug hauv ib hnub. Pob ntseg poob: 2-3 tee txhua lub sijhawm, 3 zaug hauv ib hnub. Nco tseg: Chloramphenicol txhaj (muaj ethanol, glycerin lossis propylene glycol thiab lwm yam kuab tshuaj), Nws yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm nrog rab koob qhuav thiab tshee tshee thaum sib tov kom tiv thaiv nag lossis daus ntawm cov nplais. 3. Tom qab cov tsos mob qis dua, qhov koob tshuaj yuav tsum raug txo lossis txiav tawm raws li qhov tsim nyog.
Chloramphenicol (levosycin) yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sab nrauv uas muaj zog dua ntawm cov kab mob gram-negative bacilli ntau dua li cov kab mob zoo; nws kuj muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov kab mob anaerobic, chlamydia, mycoplasma thiab rickettsiae. Kev nqus ntawm qhov ncauj yog nrawm thiab ua tiav, ntshav protein sib khi tus nqi yog li 60%, ib nrab ntawm lub neej yog 1.5-3.5h, thiab ntim faib yog 0.92L / kg. Muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov kua dej hauv lub paj hlwb los ntawm cov ntshav ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, tseem tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv menyuam hauv plab los ntawm cov ntshav tso ntshav tawm, nws tseem tuaj yeem faib rau mis nyuj, qaub ncaug, hauv siab, ascites thiab kua synovial. Qhov tsim nyog tshuaj kho kom zoo tshaj plaws ntau yog 5 ~ 20μg / ml, dhau ntawm qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txha pob txha pob txha. Qhov koob tshuaj ib txwm rau cov neeg laus yog l ~ 2g / d, noj hauv 3 ~ 4 zaug; los yog tso ntshav tawm tom qab dilution, 1 ~ 2g / d, muab hauv 2 zaug. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau hloov kho thaum thov cov tshuaj no thaum lub siab thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.
Chloramphenicol siv ua tshuaj kho tsiaj
Chloramphenicol rau cov dev
Yog tias koj tus dev raug tus kab mob sib kis thiab keratitis, chloramphenicol qhov muag poob yog qhov kev xaiv zoo: nws tus nqi pheej yig, thiab dev tsis muaj kab mob qhov muag tuaj yeem siv nws los yaug lawv ob lub qhov muag thiab ua kom lawv huv.
Chloramphenicol rau miv
Paratyphoid kub taub hau, tseem hu ua salmonellosis, yog kab mob sib kis ntawm cov menyuam yaus miv. Feem ntau siv: chloramphenicol subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly, ntau npaum 20 mg ib txhiab lub cev hnyav, ib hnub ib hnub, siv txuas ntxiv rau 3-5 hnub. Chloramphenicol qhov muag dauv tuaj yeem siv los ntxuav qhov muag. Nws tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm miv kua muag thaum lub qhov muag liab lossis qhov muag nce ntxiv.
