Txij thaum pib ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj, ntau yam kab mob ua pa hauv npua teb feem ntau tshwm sim. Tilmicosin yog thawj qhov kev xaiv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj kab mob ua pa, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv npua teb. Tab sis koj puas paub ntau npaum li cas txog tilmicosin?
Tilmicosin yog cov tshuaj uas yuav tom khw. Nws yog cov tsiaj txhu ib nrab ua ke thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm hydrolyzate ntawm tylosin, thiab tilmicosin phosphate yog siv rau tshuaj. Nws feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv thiab kho cov tsiaj mob ntsws hauv tsev (tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella, Mycoplasma, thiab lwm yam), avian mycoplasmosis thiab mastitis hauv cov tsiaj pub niam mis.
Tilmicosin yog ib hom tylosin hydrolyzate ua lub hauv paus rau ib nrab hluavtaws macrolide hmoov tshuaj tua kab mob rau tsiaj. Nws tau tsim thawj zaug los ntawm British Elanco Animal Health Products Company nyob rau xyoo 1980, thiab nws tau teev nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws txawv tebchaws. Hauv Suav Teb, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau pom zoo qee lub chaw tsim tshuaj tua kab tsiaj los tsim Tilmicosin cov ntaub ntawv raw, premixes, kev daws teeb meem thiab kev txhaj tshuaj.
Tilmicosin muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog, cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pharmacokinetic, thiab tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm tsiaj. Ib qho ntxiv, kev tshawb fawb zaum kawg qhia tias Tilmicosin tseem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho ntau yam kab mob npua. Ntxiv mus, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv khaub thuas nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob nquag siv hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob tsiaj.
Piv nrog Tylosin, nws cov tshuaj tsawg dua, cov txiaj ntsig tau siv ntev, cov kev mob tshwm sim me dua, cov seem hauv lub cev qis dua, thiab nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Nws yog ib qho kev lag luam, nyab xeeb, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshiab tua kab mob thiab kev loj hlob-txhawb kev siv tshuaj kho tsiaj hauv kab mob tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, Tilmicosin yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov kab mob tsiaj hauv lub neej yav tom ntej thiab muaj kev nthuav dav nthuav dav.
Cov khoom no tau nqus sai los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov ncauj thiab txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous, tab sis tsis tag. Qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev faib tawm yog loj, thiab cov tshuaj sib xyaw hauv cov ntaub so ntswg yog siab. Nws muaj cov ntaub so ntswg nkag tau zoo thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub mis los ntawm cov ntshav. Cov tshuaj ntau hauv cov mis yog siab, lub sijhawm saib xyuas ntev, thiab ib nrab lub neej hauv cov mis yog ntev li 1-2 hnub.
Nws muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob gram-positive, qee cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo, mycoplasma, spirochetes, thiab lwm yam; nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog ntau dua li tylosin tiv thaiv Actinomyces pleuropneumoniae thiab Pasteurella.
Tilmicosin yog ib nrab hluavtaws macrolide hmoov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws muaj 16-membered ring lactone structure. Cov pab pawg hydroxyl ntawm lub nplhaib thiab cov piam thaj lossis cov piam thaj hloov pauv tau txuas nrog los ntawm glycoside bonds, thiab kev sib zog macrocyclic me me. Tilmicosin feem ntau yog ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm kev txwv cov protein sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob. Nws thim rov qab ua ke nrog 50S ribosomal subunits txwv qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm translocases, cuam tshuam rau txheej txheem kev txav chaw ntawm ribosomes, thiab cuam tshuam qhov kev ncua ntev ntawm peptide saw thiab protein synthetic. Nws yog theem kev loj hlob tus kab mob bacteriostatic. Tilmicosin yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws tam sim no, thiab ib feem ntawm qhov laj thawj rau nws qhov tsis muaj tshuaj lom yog tias nws tsis khi rau 80S ribosomes ntawm cov tsiaj.
Tilmicosin muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob hauv kev sib koom tes nrog macrophages. Hauv lub xeev ib txwm muaj, macrophages uas muaj nyob hauv alveoli tuaj yeem nqos tau cov kab mob thiab mycoplasma sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw muaj tus kab mob, siv lawv tus kheej cov zom zaub mov zom zom kom tua cov kab mob uas tau nqos, thiab tom qab ntawd tso cov tshuaj antigenic tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm cov kab mob tua. Thiab nws xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv lymphocytes thiab txhawb kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Tab sis qhov tseeb, qee cov kab mob uas tau nqos mus rau hauv macrophages tsis tuaj yeem tua tau, thiab tilmicosin tuaj yeem koom tes nrog macrophage zom zom enzyme los tua cov kab mob. Txoj kev tshawb no tseem lees paub tias tus kab mob porcine kev ua me nyuam thiab ua pa kab mob ua pa (PRRSV) thiab porcine circovirus hom I (PCV2) tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis ntawm cov macrophages hauv npua, thiab tib lub sijhawm txo lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tilmicosin tuaj yeem pab macrophages ua rau lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm zoo ib yam. Tilmicosin tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov necrosis ntawm neutrophils, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm inducing apoptosis, thiab tiv thaiv kev mob los ntawm kev ua kom hnyav dua. Ib qho ntxiv, Tilmicosin kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tus tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li txhawb nqa lub cev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm.
Tilmicosin yog tshuaj macrolide, uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kev ua kom pom tseeb. Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev mob. Tom qab cov tshuaj tua kab mob, nws tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov rov ua dua ntawm cov kab mob pob ntseg xiav, yog li txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm mycoplasma pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, thiab parapneumonia hauv chaw zov menyuam npua. Tilmicosin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kab mob ua pa thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev txhim kho PRRS.
Feem ntau ntawm Tilmicosin ntawm kev ua lag luam yog hmoov, vim tias kev txhaj tshuaj yuav muaj tshuaj lom ntau ntxiv rau lub cev, thiab koob tshuaj kho mob nyob ze rau qhov ua kom tuag, yog li siv cov khoom sib xyaw nrog pub kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Qhov ntau npaum ntawm Tilmicosin sau npe los ntawm Ministry of Agriculture yog 200 txog 400 mg/kg ntawm qhov sib xyaw, thiab nws tau siv tas li rau 7 txog 14 hnub. Raws li qhov xav tau, qhov sib xyaw ntau npaum yog 200 ～ 400g/t, thiab kev lag luam tam sim no tilmicosin cov ntsiab lus ua ntej feem ntau yog 20%, uas yog, qhov siab ntawm 20% tilmicosin cov khoom sib xyaw yog 1 ～ 2kg/t, siv ntau txheej txheej Tilmicosin muaj kev ua tau zoo dua qub hauv tib koob tshuaj.
Tom qab siv Tilmicosin txhawm rau ua kom lub plab nrawm, nws tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm cov tshuaj nyob hauv lub plab. Vim tias Tilmicosin muaj qhov iab iab, qhov chaw sib cuag nrog lub plab mucosa yuav nce ntxiv yog tias nws nyob hauv lub plab ntev dhau, yog li ua rau kev ua rau khaus ntawm lub plab mucosa thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob plab. Ua ntej siv Tilmicosin, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj kev pub mis ntawm npua, thiab tom qab ntawd sib tov cov khoom noj nrog cov tshuaj, yog li nws yooj yim nqus los ntawm txoj hnyuv me, yog li txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm Tilmicosin thiab zam kev puas tsuaj rau lub plab zom mov.
Tilmicosin tam sim no ntawm kev ua lag luam tau muab faib ua ob hom: txheej thiab tsis pleev xim. Tus nqi qis Tilmicosin siv cov tshuab tsis txheej. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim, tab sis nws saj iab thiab tsis zam cov kua qaub, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm cov kua qaub plab. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, qee cov tuam txhab tsim khoom niaj hnub yuav siv Tilmicosin txheej txheej thev naus laus zis, uas tau tso tawm tsuas yog hauv cov hnyuv, uas tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem kev iab, thiab ncaj qha mus txog cov hnyuv, yog li cov kev kho mob zoo dua.
Suav Veterinary Pharmacopoeia hais tias: Cov lus qhia rau Tilmicosin txhaj tshuaj tsuas yog qhia txog kev siv thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm nyuj thiab yaj. Vim tias qhov tshuaj kho ntawm Tilmicosin hauv npua yog ze rau qhov koob tshuaj tuag, Veterinary Pharmacopoeia tsis qhia txog txoj hauv kev thiab ntsuas tus npua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yooj yim siv cov khoom sib xyaw, yog li Tilmicosin haum rau sib xyaw cov khoom hauv npua.
Qhov ntau npaum ntawm Tilmicosin sau npe los ntawm Ministry of Agriculture yog 200-400 mg/kg ntawm qhov sib xyaw, thiab nws tau siv tas li rau 7-14 hnub. Raws li qhov xav tau, qhov sib xyaw ntau npaum yog 200 ～ 400g/t, thiab kev lag luam tam sim no tilmicosin cov ntsiab lus ua ntej yog feem ntau 20%, uas yog, qhov siab ntawm 20% tilmicosin cov khoom sib xyaw yog 1 ～ 2 kg/t.
Cov khoom no yog txwv tsis pub txhaj tshuaj intravenously. Kev txhaj tshuaj ib zaug ntawm 5 mg/kg rau nyuj tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus, thiab nws kuj tseem ua rau tuag tau yooj yim rau npua, nees thiab tsiaj txhu. Nws lub hom phiaj tshuaj lom yog lub plawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub plawv tsis zoo.
Kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular thiab txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cheeb tsam (edema, thiab lwm yam), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob kov qhov muag. Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous yuav tsum raug xaiv hauv thaj chaw ntawm tus tav tom qab lub xub pwg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov khoom no yog lub plawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tachycardia thiab tsis muaj zog ua haujlwm. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm 50 mg/kg hauv qab cowhide tsis tuag, thaum 150 mg/kg tuag taus. Kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm l0mg/kg hauv npua ua rau ua pa nce ntxiv, ntuav thiab ntuav; 20 mg/kg tuaj yeem ua rau tuag hauv 3/4 ntawm kev sim npua. Cov liab tsis muaj tsos mob ntawm kev lom tom qab txhaj tshuaj 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg ua rau ntuav, thiab 30 mg/kg ua rau tuag taus.
A. Ua tib zoo mloog rau daim ntawv noj tshuaj
Cov chaw muag tshuaj hais tias: Cov lus qhia rau kev siv Tilmicosin txhaj tshuaj tsuas yog qhia txog kev siv thiab siv npaum li cas ntawm nyuj thiab yaj. Txij li kev kho tshuaj ntawm Tilmicosin hauv npua yog ze rau qhov koob tshuaj ua kom tuag, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj ntau rau npua. Kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 10 mg/kg lub cev hnyav hauv npua tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa nce ntxiv, ntuav thiab ntuav; txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 20 mg/kg lub cev hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau tuag ntawm 3/4 ntawm kev sim npua; yog li ntawd, Tilmicosin yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sib xyaw siv hauv npua.
B. Them nyiaj ntau npaum li cas
Qhov ntau npaum ntawm tilmicosin yog 200-400mg/kg ntawm qhov sib xyaw. Tam sim no, cov ntsiab lus ua ntej ntawm tilmicosin hauv khw yog feem ntau 20%, uas yog, qhov siab ntawm 20% tilmicosin yog 1 ~ 2kg/t. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab npaj 'tilmicosin siv phosphate, thiab thaum twg tilmicosin phosphate hmoov yog siv, qhov ntau npaum thiab siv sijhawm yuav tsum nce ntxiv (Tilmicosin phosphate tsuas suav rau 82%, uas yog 20% Tilmicosin phosphate, tilmicosin yog li 18% uas nyuaj rau mus txog qhov chaw sib sib zog nqus ntawm lub ntsws), yog li sim siv ruaj khov tilmicosin npaj.
C. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov plab zom mov
Tilmicosin yog iab heev. Yog tias lub plab zom mov qeeb, cov tshuaj yuav nyob hauv lub plab ntev, thiab thaj chaw sib cuag nrog lub plab mucosa yuav nce ntxiv, uas yuav ua rau lub plab ua rau khaus thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob plab.
Yog li ntawd, thaum siv tilmicosin, lub plab zom mov yuav tsum tau ua kom nrawm dua kom lub sijhawm nyob ntawm cov tshuaj hauv plab. Thaum siv tilmicosin, kev pub npua yuav tsum tau tswj hwm ib ntus, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau sib xyaw nrog cov khoom noj. Lub sijhawm no, cov tshuaj tsuas yog nyob hauv lub plab rau lub sijhawm luv thiab yuav tawm sai sai rau hauv txoj hnyuv. Tilmicosin tau yooj yim nqus rau hauv txoj hnyuv me, uas tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm tilmicosin, tab sis kuj zam qhov tshuaj ua puas rau lub plab mucosa.
D. Kev sib haum xeeb
Tilmicosin cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yog ua ke nrog 50s subunit ntawm cov kab mob 70s ribosome, thiab tetracyclines tau ua ke nrog cov kab mob 30S subunit, yog li Tilmicosin tuaj yeem sib xws nrog tetracyclines xws li doxycycline.
Tilmicosin muaj cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws rau chloramphenicols xws li florfenicol. Txawm hais tias nws cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yog khi rau 50s subunit ntawm ribosome, florfenicol nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm tes los ntawm nws cov rog-soluble diffusion kom inhibit cov kab mob protein synthesis. Tilmicosin muaj cov ntaub so ntswg nkag mus tau zoo thiab cov tshuaj ntau ntxiv hauv cov nqaij hauv lub ntsws yog qhov siab tshaj, txhawm rau lub hom phiaj thiab tswj tau zoo thiab kho kab mob ua pa rau tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, kev siv ua ke ntawm florfenicol thiab tilmicosin kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo.
Tilmicosin yog macrolide tshuaj tua kab mob ua ke los ntawm hydrolyzate ntawm tylosin, tab sis nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb yog me ntsis zoo dua li tylosin. Tilmicosin yog tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau tsiaj nrog ntau yam kev siv, tab sis nws siv thiab ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis.
BALLYA muab a ballya-tilmicosin-xeem qhia rau koj yog tias muaj tilmicosin tshuaj seem hauv nqaij, tshwj xeeb yog nqaij npuas.
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