Florfenicol yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws monofluoro los ntawm Thiamphenicol, dawb los yog dawb-dawb crystalline hmoov, tsis muaj ntxhiab. Cov mis mos molecular yog C12H14Cl2FNO4S. Nws yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej, chloroform thiab glacial acetic acid, soluble hauv methanol thiab ethanol. Nws yog tus kws kho tsiaj tshiab chloramphenicol broad-spectrum tshuaj tua kab mob tua kab mob ua tiav tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1980s.
Nws tau muag thawj zaug hauv Nyij Pooj xyoo 1990. Xyoo 1993, Norway tau pom zoo cov tshuaj los kho salmon furunculosis. Xyoo 1995, Fab Kis, Tebchaws Askiv, Austria, Mexico thiab Spain tau pom zoo nws rau kev kho tus kabmob bovine ua pa kab mob. Hauv Nyij Pooj thiab Mexico, nws tseem tau pom zoo ua zaub mov ntxiv rau npua los tiv thaiv thiab kho kab mob hauv cov npua. Tam sim no Suav tau dhau qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov khoom no yog dawb lossis yuav luag dawb crystalline hmoov, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab iab. Cov khoom no yog soluble hauv dimethylformamide thiab methanol, me ntsis soluble hauv glacial acetic acid, dej thiab chloroform.
"Chloramphenicol"yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas txhua tus paub zoo, tab sis tom qab siv chloramphenicol, nws muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim loj heev (tuaj yeem tiv thaiv pob txha pob txha thiab ua rau muaj ntshav tsis txaus hauv tsiaj). Yog li ntawd, txij xyoo 2002, txhua tus tsiaj uas tuaj yeem noj tau los ntawm tib neeg muaj raug txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau chloramphenicol, suav nrog npua, qaib, ducks thiab ntses.
Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol derivative "thiamphenicol" tau tsim. Piv nrog thiamphenicol, nws lub peev xwm bactericidal ntawm thiamphenicol tau txhim kho, thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim raug txo qis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsos mob xws li "myelosuppression" thiab "anemia" tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Yog li, tseem muaj qhov tsis txaus me me hauv thiamphenicol, yog li nws siv hauv tsiaj yog raug rau qee yam kev txwv.
Nyob rau xyoo 1980s lig, tom qab kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm thiamphenicol, qhov hloov pauv tshiab thaum kawg tau txais. Nws lub peev xwm tua kab mob tau txhim kho ntxiv thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm "ntshav tsis txaus" raug tshem tawm tag. Qhov no yog florfenicol.
Ib yam li cov tshuaj kho tsiaj tshiab "Mei Ting" hloov cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub siv ntsuab malachite, qhov tshwm sim ntawm florfenicol nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tseem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab thoob plaws hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb. Txij li thaum florfenicol tau siv thawj zaug hauv kev kho cov ntses ntses hauv Nyij Pooj xyoo 1990, tom qab ze li 30 xyoo ntawm kev pov thawj hauv Tebchaws Europe, Tebchaws Meskas, Suav, thiab lwm yam, florfenicol tseem yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Xyoo 2013, tom qab kev tshawb fawb sib xws, Tuam Tshoj tus Haibei tau pib tsim florfenicol rau cov khoom lag luam hauv dej-Haifukang.
Florfenicol muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob dav dav los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm peptide acyltransferase. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav, suav nrog ntau yam kab mob Gram-positive thiab tsis zoo thiab mycoplasma. Cov kab mob rhiab heev suav nrog Haemophilus bovine thiab swine, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Influenza bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, thiab lwm yam.
Cov khoom no tuaj yeem tawg mus rau hauv cov kab mob hauv lub cev rau nws cov rog yaj, feem ntau ua rau 50s subunit ntawm cov kab mob 70s ribosome, txwv tsis pub transpeptidase, cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm peptidase thiab txwv tsis pub tsim peptide saw, yog li tiv thaiv cov protein synthesis. Cov khoom no muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav, thiab muaj zog cuam tshuam rau kab mob Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria thiab Mycoplasma. Florfenicol tau nrawm nqus qhov ncauj, nthuav dav dav, ib nrab lub neej ntev, ntshav siab thiab lub sijhawm kho cov ntshav ntev.
Florfenicol siv rau nqaij qaib colibacillosis thiab duck serositis, kab mob tua cov ntses salmon, Vibrio anguilla, thiab lwm yam, thiab mob plab hnyuv ntawm nyuj, npua thiab qaib ua los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab thiab mob ua pa ntev ua los ntawm kab mob mycoplasma.
A. Npua
B. qaib
Qaib mob ua pa ntev, mob rhinitis, mycoplasma, khaub thuas, rub tawm, thiab lwm yam.
C.os
Pasteurellosis ntawm tus kab mob os, kis mob kis ntawm os, duck colibacillosis, thiab lwm yam.
D. Cov khoom siv hauv dej
Kab mob liab liab, kab mob kis kab mob rau menyuam yaus, kab mob ua kiav txhab, kab noj hniav dub thiab kab noj kab noj, kab mob kis kab mob ntawm cov cw uas tshwm sim los ntawm Vibrio, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Edwards thiab Aeromonas, thiab kab mob sib kis xws li kab mob hauv ceg, kab mob hauv dej, kab mob tshee ntawm tus dej roob, vibriosis ntawm ntses, kab mob hemorrhagic, enteritis, tawv nqaij liab, pob tw lwj, thiab rot.
A. npua
Kev kho mob sai sai ntawm pleuropneumonia, Haemophilus parasuis, swine pneumonia, streptococcus suis, thiab lwm yam ntawm npua teb: ntawm thawj theem ntawm tus kab mob, thaum cov npua cuam tshuam tseem muaj qhov qab los noj mov, nce ntau npaum li cas thaum sib xyaw pub mis thiab tshuaj, 60 -80g ntawm florfenicol ib tuj ntawm pub.
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ntxiv 200g ntawm doxycycline rau 7 hnub. Txog kev ua npaws, hnoos, thiab mob hawb pob los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem txaus. Yog tias tus npua mob ua npaws thiab tsis noj mov, nws yuav tsum raug kho nyob ib leeg thiab txhaj tshuaj txhaj cov tshuaj florfenicol hauv qhov ncauj. Yog tias lub cev kub ntau dua 41 ℃, nws tuaj yeem siv nrog tshuaj tua kab mob analgesics thiab dexamethasone.
B. Qaib, Duck thiab Goose
Nws tuaj yeem kho tus kab mob hauv plab, kab mob ua pa thiab mob mycoplasma tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob avian rhiab thiab kab mob mycoplasma, xws li avian colibacillosis, ruborum, pasteurosis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, mob raws plab, mob plab hnyuv kab mob, pericarditis, perhepatitis, peritonitis, kab mob o mob taub hau, necrotizing enteritis, os kis kab mob Serositis thiab lwm yam.
Cov tsos mob: noog nthuav lawv lub caj dab thiab qhib lawv lub qhov ncauj kom ua pa, hnoos, ntshav tawm hauv lub cev, lub taub hau tshee, los ntswg, lub taub hau o, mob hauv plab, mob plab, mob plab, thiab lwm yam;
necropsy: daim siab ua rau daim siab, daim siab thiab lub ntsej muag daj nrog dawb Cellulose membrane, daj daj zoo li cov kua hauv cov hnab cua, thiab lwm yam.
C. Cov khoom siv hauv dej
Hauv ntau thaj chaw, florfenicol tau nkag siab yuam kev vim nws tus nqi siab thiab qis zaus siv. Coob leej neeg xav tias florfenicol muaj lub zog tua kab mob thiab muaj kev phiv. Yog tias nws tsis siv zoo, nws yuav ua rau cov ntses tuag. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov chaw kawg los xaiv florfenicol. Qee tus neeg txawm xav tias florfenicol yog "riam phom nuclear" ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, uas muaj zog thiab muaj teeb meem! Qhov tseeb?
Raws li ob qhov kev txwv ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev nyab xeeb khoom noj thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov tshuaj hauv dej kuj tseem tawm tswv yim tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, Tuam Tshoj tau nruj tswj hwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab txiav txim siab tshem tawm cov npe tshuaj nrog cov kev phiv loj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, qee cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau teev tseg tias yog tshuaj txwv. Piv txwv li, norfloxacin kuj tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv teev npe txij li xyoo tas los.
Txog tam sim no, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb tau pom zoo 12 yam tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob sib kis uas tuaj yeem siv tau hauv cov khoom lag luam hauv dej, ntawm cov uas feem ntau siv ntau yam yog: neomycin sulfate, doxycycline hydrochloride, florfenicol, Enrofloxacin.
Nws tuaj yeem pom tias florfenicol tseem raug tso cai siv raws li cov txheej txheem nruj hauv tebchaws, uas tseem tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias kev raug mob lossis phiv ntawm florfenicol tsis zoo li ntawd.
Florfenicol muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob siab tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob sib kis hauv cov thoob dej yug ntses. Florfenicol yog siv hauv aquaculture los tswj cov kab mob muaj kab mob. Nws tau raug pov thawj los ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv kev kho mob ntawm tus Tsov tus tw daj daj pseudotuberculosis, channel catfish Edwards kab mob, channel catfish aeromonas versicolor, thiab Atlantic salmon scabies.
Florfenicol muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis tseem muaj teeb meem: nws nyuaj rau yaj hauv dej, yog li kev siv tus nqi qis, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nws qhov ua tau zoo. Qhov teeb meem no tsis tau daws tau zoo.
Florfenicol, ua ke nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm chiral organozinc thiab YH-3 catalyst, yaj sai hauv dej. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub cev tsiaj, kev ua haujlwm lom tau zoo los ntawm lub cev cov metabolism. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv avian colibacillosis, duck serositis thiab swine asthma zoo dua li ntawm florfenicol.
Dej-soluble florfenicol daws cov teeb meem ntawm tsiaj txhu thiab nqaij qaib haus dej haus thiab cov tsiaj da dej. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv raw, tab sis kev muaj bioavailability siab dua. Nws yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, nqaij qaib thiab tsiaj txhu, nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab hloov pauv tau.
Florfenicol muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau cov cell hloov pauv cov saw hlau thiab txo lub cev tsis kam. Nws kuj muaj cov tshuaj lom hauv plab, yog li nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj rau tsiaj txhu thaum cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog siv rau kab mob ntawm cov nyuj, yaj, npua, dev, miv, qaib thiab ntses los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab.
Florfenicol yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws los ntawm Thiamphenicol, uas yog tshuaj kho tsiaj tshwj xeeb. Florfenicol muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm npua, qaib, ducks, geese, ntses thiab cw, tab sis yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog rau qhov siv raug thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm florfenicol.
BALLYA muab a ballya-florfenicol-xeem los qhia koj yog tias muaj cov florfenicol seem hauv cov nqaij koj tuaj yeem noj txhua hnub.
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