Clavulanic acid belongs rau qhov kev sib tw tsis hloov pauv beta lactamases inhibitor, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tom qab ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau lub enzyme, yog li nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo tsis yog ntawm beta lactamase cov ntawm Staphylococcus aureus, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm beta lactamase cov ntawm Negative bacilli gram. Kev sib xyaw ntawm penicillins thiab cephalosporins zoo heev txhim kho cov kab mob tua kab mob, thiab tuaj yeem txo qis qhov qis tshaj plaws inhibitory concentration (MIC).
Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntxiv rau kaum npaug, yog li cov tshuaj tiv taus kab mob tuaj yeem rov ua rau lawv nkag siab tau. Clavulanic acid yog ib yam tshiab uas muaj cov pa oxygen beta lawm tshuaj tua kab mob ua los ntawm Streptomyces. Clavulanate poov tshuaj yog rab koob zoo li muaju thiab yooj yim soluble hauv dej.
cov beta lactamase cov tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hydrolyzing thiab ua rau qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob β-lactam yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Methoxypenicillin yog thawj cov hluavtaws enzyme-resistant tshuaj penicillin. Tom qab ntawd, ntau ntau cov hluavtaws enzyme-resistant penicillins tawm, xws li oxacillin, cloxacillin thiab dicloxacillin. Enzyme-resistant penicillin yog qhov sib tw thim rov qab beta lactamase inhibitor. Thaum tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, kev ua haujlwm enzyme tuaj yeem rov qab tau, yog li kev txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm ntawm penicillinase tsis zoo, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis yooj yim rau kev siv tshuaj kho mob.
Cov khoom no yog qhov dav-spectrum beta lactamase inhibitor, uas tsuas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, tab sis muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau ntau yam beta lactamases. Thiab nws tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke nrog feem ntau beta lactamases los tsim cov kev sib txuas uas tsis hloov pauv thiab tiv thaiv penicillins or cephalosporins tsis tiv taus cov enzymes los ntawm kev puas tsuaj enzyme, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob thiab nthuav tawm cov kab mob tua kab mob. Ua ke nrog penicillins thiab cephalosporins, qhov ntau npaum ntawm clavulanic tuaj yeem txo qis.
Clavulanate poov tshuaj yog rab koob zoo li muaju thiab yooj yim soluble hauv dej.
Clavulanic acid yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav, tab sis nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua rau muaj zog heev. Nws muaj qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj ntawm 30 ~ 60μg/m1 rau Gram-negative cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob zoo. Nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv Pseudomonas aeruginosa thiab Enterococcus. Nws MIC rau Neisseria gonorrhoeae yog 5μg/m1. MIC ntawm Gram-positive cov kab mob xws li Streptococcus yog 12-15μg/ml, MIC ntawm Bacteroides fragilis yog 13.1μg/ml, thiab MIC rau feem ntau lwm cov kab mob yog 30-125μg/ml.
Clavulanic acid yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob broad-spectrum. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv beta lactamase tsim los ntawm cov kab mob gram-positive (xws li Staphylococcus aureus) thiab hom I, II, IV thiab hom V beta lactamase tsim los ntawm cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo, tab sis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau hom I cephalosporinase.
Clavulanic acid tuaj yeem nthuav dav cov kab mob tua kab mob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis kam rau beta lactamase cov, Xws li penicillin g, tshuaj ampicillin, amoxicillin or cephalosporin II (cephalothin), nce cov tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm bacteria -Endophthalaminase cov kab mob, xws li Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pneumoniae bacillus, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Influenza bacillus thiab Fragile bacillus, Txawm li cas los xij, cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob amoxicillin lossis ceftizidine-sensitive ua ke nrog clavulanic kua qaub.
Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm BRL 25000 tau tshaj tawm tias kev tswj hwm lub qhov ncauj muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub qhov zis thiab ua pa los ntawm Escherichia coli, ntau yam Proteus, Cov kab mob ua paug, Influenza bacilli, thiab pneumococcus.
Clavulanic acid ib leeg tsis ua haujlwm. Cov enzyme yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj zog los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nrog beta lactamase cov tiv thaiv lub tshuaj penicillin or cephalosporin tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsis tiv taus cov enzyme los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, yog li lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov chaw nquag thiab siv lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, kov yeej cov kab mob tiv thaiv kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
Ntxiv rau, kev sib xyaw ntawm clavulanic kua qaub thiab amoxicillin yog qhov chaw kuaj mob ib txwm muaj, thiab amoxicillin thiab clavulanate poov tshuaj yog ib tus neeg sawv cev tshuaj.
Amoxicillin thiab clavulanate potassium yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua pa ntawm txoj hlab ntsws qis, mob otitis media, sinusitis los ntawm beta lactamase cov ua Haemophilus influenzae thiab Moraxella catarrhalis; cov kab mob tso zis thiab tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos mos kis los ntawm Staphylococcus aureus tsim cov beta lactamase thiab cov kab mob hnyuv tsim cov enzyme xws li Escherichia coli thiab Klebsiella; nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kis mob me me mus rau nruab nrab los ntawm enterococci. Cov khoom no tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov kab mob sib kis saum toj no los ntawm cov kab mob tsis-enzyme-tsim cov kab mob hais los saum toj no. Cov khoom no yog xim dawb lossis xim dawb tshem tawm, muaj ntxhiab thiab qab zib. Cov khoom no yog kev npaj ua ke, thiab nws cov khoom siv yog amoxicillin thiab clavulanate poov tshuaj.
Cov khoom no haum rau ntau yam kev kis mob los ntawm cov kab mob rhiab, xws li:
Cov khoom no yog kev npaj ua ke ntawm amoxicillin thiab Clavulanate poov tshuaj hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 7: 1. Amoxicillin thiab ampicillin muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo tiv thaiv kab mob microbial. Nws feem ntau yog ua nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob me me los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua raws ntawm cov cell peptides phab ntsa.
Clavulanate poov tshuaj muaj ib tug beta lawm qauv zoo ib yam li penicillin. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj zog feem ntau ntawm cov enzymes tsim los ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm kev thaiv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm beta lactamase, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kho mob tseem ceeb thiab plasmid-mediated beta lactamases (cov enzymes no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv penicillin thiab cephalosporin tsis kam) ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam hauv vitro thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob tau qhia tias cov tshuaj no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab no; Gram-positive aerobic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (beta-lactamase-ua thiab tsis-beta-lactamase-ua hom) Cillin/oxacillin tiv taus staphylococci kuj tseem tiv taus cov khoom no.
Cov khoom no yog tsim rau kab mob ua pa sab hauv qis, mob otitis media, sinusitis tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim enzyme-Haemophilus influenzae thiab Moraxella catarrhalis; tsim cov enzyme-tsim Staphylococcus aureus thiab tsim cov enzyme tsim cov kab mob Enterobacteriaceae xws li Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Ua pa rau txoj hlab pas, tso zis tso zis thiab tawv nqaij thiab mob nqaij mos; thiab nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kis mob me me mus rau nruab nrab los ntawm enterococci. Cov khoom no tseem tuaj yeem siv rau cov kab mob hais los saum toj no los ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis yog enzyme-tsim cov kab mob.
Cov neeg mob yuav muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum tom qab noj tshuaj amoxicillin. Kev ua xua ntawm urticaria thiab pob tawv nqaij yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo hauv cov neeg mob kho nrog amoxicillin. Cov neeg mob uas muaj cov tsos mob tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau kub taub hau, khaus tawv nqaij, mob thiab txawm tias ua rau tawv nqaij tawv nqaij, tawm hws ntau, ntuav thiab lwm yam tsos mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev tsis haum tshuaj tshwm sim los ntawm amoxicillin feem ntau tshwm sim tsis pub dhau 3-30 feeb ntawm cov neeg mob tom qab siv tshuaj, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev pib mob sai thiab mob loj zuj zus.
Amoxicillin tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub raum hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm, yog li nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum hlwb ntawm tus neeg mob, yog li ua rau nws lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, lub raum ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab thiab cov neeg laus maj mam poob qis. Yog tias cov neeg mob siv cov tshuaj amoxicillin ntau dhau rau kev kho mob, nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub nra hnyav rau lawv lub raum, ua kom cov tshuaj tawm ntawm lub cev, ua rau cov tshuaj muaj zog ntxiv hauv lawv cov zis, uas tuaj yeem thaiv lawv cov zis thiab ua rau lawv tawg thiab tso ntshav tawm, ua rau cov tsos mob xws li ntshav hauv cov zis thiab mob raum.
Clavulanic acid muaj tshuaj lom me me thiab muaj kev phiv me me hauv kev siv tshuaj kho mob. Cov neeg uas ua xua rau penicillin yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nws.
Clavulanic acid nws tus kheej tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis vim nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Amoxicillin thiab clavulanate potassium yog rooj plaub muaj txiaj ntsig, uas tuaj yeem siv los kho ntau yam kab mob sib kis.
BALLYA muab a betalactam xeem los qhia koj yog tias muaj cov beta lactams seem hauv cov khoom siv mis uas koj noj txhua hnub.
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